Dockerfile

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ WORKDIR /app
 RUN groupadd -g 1000 www && useradd -u 1000 -ms /bin/bash -g www www
 
 # Only copy the requirements file first to leverage Docker cache
+RUN mkdir requirements/
 COPY $REQUIREMENTS_FILE $REQUIREMENTS_FILE
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/src/static && \

README.md

@@ -98,3 +98,8 @@ make requirements
 # Build Docker image with new Python requirements
 make build
 ```
+
+## Important notes
+
+* This project uses [django-zen-queries](https://github.com/dabapps/django-zen-queries), which will sometimes raise a `QueriesDisabledError` in your templates. You can find a difference of opinion about that, but you can find a difference of opinion about many things, right?
+* If a linting error annoys you, please feel free to strike back by adding a `noqa` to the line that has displeased the linter and move on with life.

pyproject.toml

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ dependencies = [
     "django-oauth-toolkit~=2.4",
     "django-registries==0.0.3",
     "django-view-decorator==0.0.4",
+    "django-oauth-toolkit~=2.4",
+    "django-ratelimit~=4.1",
     "django-zen-queries~=2.1",
     "django_stubs_ext~=5.0",
     "environs[django]>=11,<12",
@@ -137,12 +139,19 @@ ignore = [
     "EM102", # Exception must not use a f-string literal, assign to variable first
     "COM812", # missing-trailing-comma (https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/formatter/#conflicting-lint-rules)
     "ISC001", # single-line-implicit-string-concatenation (https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/formatter/#conflicting-lint-rules)
+    "D100", # Missing docstring in public module
+    "D101", # Missing docstring in public class
+    "D102", # Missing docstring in public method
     "D105", # Missing docstring in magic method
     "D106", # Missing docstring in public nested class
+    "D107", # Missing docstring in `__init__`
     "FIX", # TODO, FIXME, XXX
     "TD", # TODO, FIXME, XXX
     "ANN002", # Missing type annotation for `*args`
     "ANN003", # Missing type annotation for `**kwargs`
+    "FBT001", # Misbehaves: Boolean-typed positional argument in function definition
+    "FBT002", # Misbehaves: Boolean-typed positional argument in function definition
+    "TRY003", # Avoid specifying long messages outside the exception class
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.isort]

requirements.txt

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 # - django-allauth~=0.63
 # - django-money~=3.5
 # - django-oauth-toolkit~=2.4
+# - django-ratelimit~=4.1
 # - django-registries==0.0.3
 # - django-stubs-ext~=5.0
 # - django-view-decorator==0.0.4
@@ -53,6 +54,8 @@ django-money==3.5.3
     # via hatch.envs.default
 django-oauth-toolkit==2.4.0
     # via hatch.envs.default
+django-ratelimit==4.1.0
+    # via hatch.envs.default
 django-registries==0.0.3
     # via hatch.envs.default
 django-stubs-ext==5.0.4

requirements/requirements-dev.txt

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 # - django-allauth~=0.63
 # - django-money~=3.5
 # - django-oauth-toolkit~=2.4
+# - django-ratelimit~=4.1
 # - django-registries==0.0.3
 # - django-stubs-ext~=5.0
 # - django-view-decorator==0.0.4
@@ -81,6 +82,8 @@ django-money==3.5.3
     # via hatch.envs.dev
 django-oauth-toolkit==2.4.0
     # via hatch.envs.dev
+django-ratelimit==4.1.0
+    # via hatch.envs.dev
 django-registries==0.0.3
     # via hatch.envs.dev
 django-stubs==1.16.0

src/accounting/admin.py

@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@
 
 from django import forms
 from django.contrib import admin
+from django.contrib import messages
+from django.db.models import QuerySet
+from django.http import HttpRequest
 from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
+from membership.emails import OrderEmail
 
 from . import models
 
@@ -26,7 +30,7 @@ class OrderAdminForm(forms.ModelForm):
         model = models.Order
         exclude = ()  # noqa: DJ006
 
-    def clean(self):  # noqa: D102, ANN201
+    def clean(self):  # noqa: ANN201
         cd = super().clean()
         if not cd["account"] and cd["member"]:
             try:
@@ -43,10 +47,25 @@ class OrderAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     inlines = (OrderProductInline,)
     form = OrderAdminForm
 
+    actions = ("send_order",)
+
     list_display = ("member", "description", "created", "is_paid", "total_with_vat")
     search_fields = ("member__email", "membership__membership_type__name", "description")
     list_filter = ("is_paid", "membership__membership_type")
 
+    @admin.action(description="Send order link to selected unpaid orders")
+    def send_order(self, request: HttpRequest, queryset: QuerySet[models.Order]) -> None:
+        for order in queryset:
+            if order.is_paid:
+                messages.error(
+                    request,
+                    f"Order pk={order.id} is already marked paid, not sending email to: {order.member.email}",
+                )
+                continue
+            email = OrderEmail(order, request)
+            email.send()
+            messages.success(request, f"Sent an order for order pk={order.id} link to: {order.member.email}")
+
 
 @admin.register(models.Payment)
 class PaymentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
@@ -61,15 +80,15 @@ class PaymentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
 
 @admin.register(models.Product)
-class ProductAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):  # noqa: D101
+class ProductAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     list_display = ("name", "price", "vat")
 
 
-class TransactionInline(admin.TabularInline):  # noqa: D101
+class TransactionInline(admin.TabularInline):
     model = models.Transaction
 
 
 @admin.register(models.Account)
-class AccountAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):  # noqa: D101
+class AccountAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     list_display = ("owner", "balance")
     inlines = (TransactionInline,)

src/membership/admin.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from django.db import transaction
 from django.db.models import QuerySet
 from django.http import HttpRequest
 from django.http import HttpResponse
+from django.utils.text import slugify
 
+from .emails import InviteEmail
 from .models import Member
 from .models import Membership
 from .models import MembershipType
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ def decorate_ensure_membership_type_exists(membership_type: MembershipType, labe
 @transaction.atomic
 def ensure_membership_type_exists(
     request: HttpRequest,
-    queryset: QuerySet,
+    queryset: QuerySet[Member],
     membership_type: MembershipType,
 ) -> HttpResponse:
     """Inner function that ensures that a membership exists for a given queryset of Member objects."""
@@ -95,7 +97,12 @@ class MemberAdmin(UserAdmin):
     """Member admin is actually an admin for User objects."""
 
     inlines = (MembershipInlineAdmin,)
-    actions: list[Callable] = []  # noqa: RUF012
+    actions: list[str | Callable] = ["send_invite"]  # noqa: RUF012
+    list_display = ("email", "current_membership", "username", "is_staff", "is_active", "date_joined")
+
+    @admin.display(description="membership")
+    def current_membership(self, instance: Member) -> Membership | None:
+        return instance.memberships.current()
 
     def get_actions(self, request: HttpRequest) -> dict:
         """Populate actions with dynamic data (MembershipType)."""
@@ -113,7 +120,49 @@ class MemberAdmin(UserAdmin):
 
         return super_dict
 
+    @admin.action(description="Send invite email to selected inactive accounts")
+    def send_invite(self, request: HttpRequest, queryset: QuerySet[Member]) -> None:
+        for member in queryset:
+            if member.is_active:
+                messages.error(
+                    request,
+                    f"Computer says no! This member will not receive an invite because the account is marked "
+                    f"as active: {member.email}. That means the member has probably created a password and a username "
+                    f"already, please tell them to use the password reminder function.",
+                )
+                continue
+            if not member.memberships.current():
+                messages.error(
+                    request,
+                    f"Computer says no! This member will not receive an invite because it has no current "
+                    f"membership: {member.email}. You need to create a current membership before sending the invite.",
+                )
+                continue
+            membership = member.memberships.current()
+            email = InviteEmail(membership, request)
+            email.send()
+            messages.success(request, f"Sent an invitation to: {member.email}")
+
 
 @admin.register(WaitingListEntry)
 class WaitingListEntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     """Admin for WaitingList model."""
+
+    list_display = ("email", "member")
+    actions = ("create_member",)
+
+    @admin.action(description="Create member account for entries")
+    def create_member(self, request: HttpRequest, queryset: QuerySet[WaitingListEntry]) -> None:
+        """Create a user account for this entry.
+
+        Note that actions can soon be made available from the edit page, too:
+        https://github.com/django/django/pull/16012
+        """
+        for entry in queryset:
+            member = Member.objects.create_user(email=entry.email, username=slugify(entry.email), is_active=False)
+            entry.member = member
+            entry.save()
+            messages.info(
+                request,
+                f"Added user for {entry.email} - ensure they have a membership and send an invite email.",
+            )

src/membership/emails.py

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+"""Send email to members, using templates and contexts for the emails.
+
+* We keep everything as plain text for now.
+* Notice that emails can be multilingual
+* Generally, an email consists of templates (for body and subject) and a get_context() method.
+"""
+
+from accounting.models import Order
+from django.contrib import messages
+from django.contrib.auth.tokens import default_token_generator
+from django.contrib.sites.shortcuts import get_current_site
+from django.core.mail.message import EmailMessage
+from django.http import HttpRequest
+from django.template import loader
+from django.utils import translation
+from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
+
+from .models import Membership
+
+
+class BaseEmail(EmailMessage):
+    """Send emails via templated body and subjects.
+
+    This base class is extended for all email functionality.
+    Because all emails are sent to the Member object, we can keep them gathered here, even when they are generated by
+    other apps (like the accounting app).
+    """
+
+    template = "membership/email/base.txt"
+    # Optional: Set to a template path for subject
+    template_subject = None
+    default_subject = "SET SUBJECT HERE"
+
+    def __init__(self, request: HttpRequest, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        self.context = kwargs.pop("context", {})
+        self.user = kwargs.pop("user", None)
+        if self.user:
+            kwargs["to"] = [self.user.email]
+            self.context["user"] = self.user
+            self.context["recipient_name"] = self.user.get_display_name()
+
+        # Necessary to set request before instantiating body and subject
+        self.request = request
+        kwargs.setdefault("subject", self.get_subject())
+        kwargs.setdefault("body", self.get_body())
+
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_context_data(self) -> dict:
+        """Resolve common context for sending emails.
+
+        When overwriting, remember to call this via super().
+        """
+        c = self.context
+        site = get_current_site(self.request)
+        c["request"] = self.request
+        c["domain"] = site.domain
+        c["site_name"] = site.name
+        c["protocol"] = "http" if self.request and not self.request.is_secure() else "https"
+        return c
+
+    def get_body(self) -> str:
+        """Build the email body from template and context."""
+        if self.user and self.user.language_code:
+            with translation.override(self.user.language_code):
+                body = loader.render_to_string(self.template, self.get_context_data())
+        else:
+            body = loader.render_to_string(self.template, self.get_context_data())
+        return body
+
+    def get_subject(self) -> str:
+        """Build the email subject from template or self.default_subject."""
+        if self.user and self.user.language_code:
+            with translation.override(self.user.language_code):
+                if self.template_subject:
+                    subject = loader.render_to_string(self.template_subject, self.get_context_data()).strip()
+                else:
+                    subject = str(self.default_subject)
+        elif self.template_subject:
+            subject = loader.render_to_string(self.template_subject, self.get_context_data()).strip()
+        else:
+            subject = str(self.default_subject)
+        return subject
+
+    def send_with_feedback(self, *, success_msg: str | None = None, no_message: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Send email, possibly adding feedback via django.contrib.messages."""
+        if not success_msg:
+            success_msg = _("Email successfully sent to {}").format(", ".join(self.to))
+        try:
+            self.send(fail_silently=False)
+            if not no_message:
+                messages.success(self.request, success_msg)
+        except RuntimeError:
+            messages.error(self.request, _("Not sent, something wrong with the mail server."))
+
+
+class InviteEmail(BaseEmail):
+    template = "membership/emails/invite.txt"
+    default_subject = _("Invite to data.coop membership")
+
+    def __init__(self, membership: Membership, request: HttpRequest, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        self.membership = membership
+        kwargs["user"] = membership.user
+        super().__init__(request, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_context_data(self) -> dict:
+        c = super().get_context_data()
+        c["membership"] = self.membership
+        c["token"] = default_token_generator.make_token(self.membership.user)
+        c["referral_code"] = self.membership.referral_code
+        return c
+
+
+class OrderEmail(BaseEmail):
+    template = "membership/emails/order.txt"
+    default_subject = _("Your data.coop order and payment")
+
+    def __init__(self, order: Order, request: HttpRequest, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        self.order = order
+        kwargs["user"] = order.member
+        super().__init__(request, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_context_data(self) -> dict:
+        c = super().get_context_data()
+        c["order"] = self.order
+        return c

src/membership/forms.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from allauth.account.adapter import get_adapter as get_allauth_adapter
+from allauth.account.forms import SetPasswordForm
+from django import forms
+from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
+
+
+class InviteForm(SetPasswordForm):
+    """Create a new password for a user account that is created through an invite."""
+
+    username = forms.CharField(
+        label=_("Username"),
+        widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder": _("Username"), "autocomplete": "username"}),
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        self.membership = kwargs.pop("membership")
+        kwargs["user"] = self.membership.user
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def clean_username(self) -> str:
+        """Clean the username value.
+
+        Taken from the allauth Signup form - we should consider that data can be leaked here.
+        """
+        value = self.cleaned_data["username"]
+        # The allauth adapter ensures the username is unique.
+        return get_allauth_adapter().clean_username(value)
+
+    def save(self) -> None:
+        """Save instance to db.
+
+        Note: You can hack a re-activation of a deactivated account
+        by getting a valid token before deactivation (from the reset password form).
+        We can block this by also setting Membership.revoked=False when deactivating someone's account.
+        """
+        self.user.username = self.cleaned_data["username"]
+        self.user.is_active = True
+        self.user.save()
+        super().save()

src/membership/migrations/0009_membership_referral_code.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Generated by Django 5.1rc1 on 2024-08-07 22:32
+
+import uuid
+from django.db import migrations, models
+
+
+def create_uuid(apps, schema_editor):
+    Membership = apps.get_model('membership', 'Membership')
+    for membership in Membership.objects.all():
+        membership.referral_code = uuid.uuid4()
+        membership.save()
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('membership', '0008_alter_membership_membership_type'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.AddField(
+            model_name='membership',
+            name='referral_code',
+            field=models.UUIDField(blank=True, null=True, unique=True, default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False),
+        ),
+        migrations.RunPython(create_uuid),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name='membership',
+            name='referral_code',
+            field=models.UUIDField(unique=True, default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False),
+        ),
+    ]

src/membership/migrations/0010_waitinglistentry_member.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Generated by Django 5.1rc1 on 2024-08-14 08:05
+
+import django.db.models.deletion
+from django.db import migrations, models
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('membership', '0009_membership_referral_code'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.AddField(
+            model_name='waitinglistentry',
+            name='member',
+            field=models.ForeignKey(help_text='Once a member account is generated (use the admin action), this field will be marked.', null=True, blank=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='membership.member', verbose_name='has member'),
+        ),
+    ]

src/membership/models.py

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 """Models for the membership app."""
 
+import uuid
 from typing import ClassVar
 from typing import Self
 
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
+from django.contrib.auth.models import UserManager
 from django.contrib.postgres.constraints import ExclusionConstraint
 from django.contrib.postgres.fields import DateRangeField
 from django.contrib.postgres.fields import RangeOperators
@@ -42,7 +44,23 @@ class Member(User):
                 ),
             )
 
-    objects = QuerySet.as_manager()
+    objects = UserManager.from_queryset(QuerySet)()
+
+    def get_display_name(self) -> str:
+        """Choose how to display the user in emails and UI and ultimately to other users.
+
+        It's crucial that we currently don't have a good solution for this.
+        We should allow the user to define their own nick.
+        """
+        return self.username
+
+    @property
+    def language_code(self) -> str:
+        """Returns the user's preferred language code.
+
+        We don't have an actual setting for this... because this is a proxy table.
+        """
+        return "da-dk"
 
     class Meta:
         proxy = True
@@ -122,6 +140,9 @@ class Membership(CreatedModifiedAbstract):
 
     user = models.ForeignKey("auth.User", on_delete=models.PROTECT, related_name="memberships")
 
+    # This code is used for inviting a user to create an account for this membership.
+    referral_code = models.UUIDField(unique=True, default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False)
+
     membership_type = models.ForeignKey(
         "membership.MembershipType",
         related_name="memberships",
@@ -209,6 +230,14 @@ class WaitingListEntry(CreatedModifiedAbstract):
     email = models.EmailField()
     geography = models.CharField(verbose_name=_("geography"), blank=True, default="")
     comment = models.TextField(blank=True)
+    member = models.ForeignKey(
+        Member,
+        null=True,
+        blank=True,
+        verbose_name=_("has member"),
+        help_text=_("Once a member account is generated (use the admin action), this field will be marked."),
+        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
+    )
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.email

src/membership/templates/membership/emails/base.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{% load i18n %}{% block greeting %}{% blocktrans %}Dear {{ recipient_name }},{% endblocktrans %}{% endblock %}
+
+{% block content %}{% endblock %}
+
+
+{% trans "Cooperatively yours," %}
+{{ site_name }}
+
+{{ protocol }}://{{ domain }}

src/membership/templates/membership/emails/invite.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{% extends "membership/emails/base.txt" %}{% load i18n %}
+
+{% block content %}{% url 'member:membership-invite' token=token referral_code=referral_code as invite_url %}{% blocktrans %}Here is your secret URL for creating an account with us:
+
+{{ protocol }}://{{ domain }}{{ invite_url }}
+
+If you did not request this account, get in touch with us.{% endblocktrans %}{% endblock %}

src/membership/templates/membership/emails/order.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{% extends "membership/emails/base.txt" %}{% load i18n %}
+
+{% block content %}{% url 'order:detail' order_id=order.id as order_url %}{% blocktrans %}You have an order in our system, you can pay it here:
+
+{{ protocol }}://{{ domain }}{{ order_url }}
+{% endblocktrans %}{% endblock %}

src/membership/templates/membership/invite.html

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{% extends "base.html" %}
+{% load i18n %}
+
+{% block head_title %}
+    {% trans "Membership" %}
+{% endblock %}
+
+{% block content %}
+
+    <div class="content-view">
+        <h2>{% trans "Create account" %}</h2>
+        <p>{% trans "Congratulations! You've been invited to create an account with us:" %}</p>
+        <p>Email: <strong>{{ membership.user.email }}</strong></p>
+        <form method="POST">
+            {% csrf_token %}
+            {{ form.as_p }}
+            <button type="submit" class="btn">{% trans "Create account" %}</button>
+        </form>
+
+    </div>
+{% endblock %}

src/membership/views.py

@@ -4,12 +4,20 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
+from django.contrib import messages
+from django.contrib.auth.tokens import default_token_generator
+from django.http import HttpResponseForbidden
+from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
+from django.shortcuts import redirect
 from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
+from django_ratelimit.decorators import ratelimit
 from django_view_decorator import namespaced_decorator_factory
 from utils.view_utils import RenderConfig
 from utils.view_utils import RowAction
 from utils.view_utils import render
 
+from .forms import InviteForm
+from .models import Membership
 from .permissions import ADMINISTRATE_MEMBERS
 from .selectors import get_member
 from .selectors import get_members
@@ -113,3 +121,49 @@ def members_admin_detail(request: HttpRequest, member_id: int) -> HttpResponse:
         template_name="membership/members_admin_detail.html",
         context=context,
     )
+
+
+@ratelimit(group="membership", key="ip", rate="10/d", method="ALL", block=True)
+@member_view(
+    paths="invite/<str:referral_code>/<str:token>/",
+    name="membership-invite",
+    login_required=False,
+)
+def invite(request: HttpRequest, referral_code: str, token: str) -> HttpResponse:
+    """View to invite a member to create a membership.
+
+    The token belongs to a non-active Member object. If the token is valid,
+    the caller is allowed to create a membership.
+
+    We ratelimit this view so it's not possible to brute-force tokens.
+    """
+    if request.user.is_authenticated:
+        return HttpResponseForbidden("You're already logged in. So you cannot receive an invite.")
+
+    # Firstly, we get the membership by the referral code.
+    membership = get_object_or_404(Membership, referral_code=referral_code, user__is_active=False, revoked=False)
+
+    token_valid = default_token_generator.check_token(membership.user, token)
+
+    if not token_valid:
+        raise HttpResponseForbidden("Token not valid - maybe it expired?")
+
+    if request.method == "POST":
+        form = InviteForm(membership=membership, data=request.POST)
+        if form.is_valid():
+            form.save()
+            messages.info(request, _("Password is set for your account and you can now login."))
+            return redirect("account_login")
+    else:
+        form = InviteForm(membership=membership)
+
+    context = {
+        "token": token,
+        "membership": membership,
+        "form": form,
+    }
+    return render(
+        request=request,
+        template_name="membership/invite.html",
+        context=context,
+    )

src/project/settings.py

@@ -182,6 +182,10 @@ LOGGING = {
 STRIPE_API_KEY = env.str("STRIPE_API_KEY")
 STRIPE_ENDPOINT_SECRET = env.str("STRIPE_ENDPOINT_SECRET")
 
+# The number of seconds a password reset link is valid for (default: 3 days).
+# We've extended this to 7 days because invites then last for 1 week.
+PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7
+
 if DEBUG:
     INSTALLED_APPS += ["debug_toolbar", "django_browser_reload"]
     MIDDLEWARE += [

src/project/templates/base.html

@@ -102,6 +102,16 @@
                 </ol>
             </nav>
             <article>
+                {% if messages %}
+                  <div class="content-view">
+                  {% for message in messages %}
+                    <p>📨</p>
+                    <p><strong>{{ message }}</strong></p>
+                  {% endfor %}
+                  </div>
+
+                {% endif %}
+
                 {% block content %}{% endblock %}
             </article>
         </main>

src/project/templates/index.html

@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
             It is very much under construction.
         </p>
 
+        {% for order in unpaid_orders %}
+          <p>You have an unpaid order: <a href="{% url "order:detail" order_id=order.id %}">View Order ID {{ order.id }}</a></p>
+        {% endfor %}
+
         {% comment %}
         <hr>
         <br>

src/project/views.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
+from accounting.models import Order
 from django_view_decorator import view
 from utils.view_utils import render
 
@@ -19,7 +20,11 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 )
 def index(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse:
     """View to show the index page."""
-    return render(request, "index.html")
+    unpaid_orders = Order.objects.filter(member=request.user, is_paid=False)
+
+    context = {"unpaid_orders": list(unpaid_orders)}
+
+    return render(request, "index.html", context=context)
 
 
 @view(