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\newacronym{adsl}{ADSL}{Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line} \newacronym{adsl}{ADSL}{Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line}
\newacronym{ap}{AP}{Access Point} \newacronym{ap}{AP}{Access Point}
\newacronym{arin}{ARIN}{American Registry for Internet Numbers}
\newacronym{arp}{ARP}{Address Resolution Protocol} \newacronym{arp}{ARP}{Address Resolution Protocol}
\newacronym{arpanet}{ARPANET}{Advanced Research Projects Agency Network} \newacronym{arpanet}{ARPANET}{Advanced Research Projects Agency Network}
\newacronym{avf}{AVF}{Active Virtual Forwarder} \newacronym{avf}{AVF}{Active Virtual Forwarder}
\newacronym{avg}{AVG}{Active Virtual Gateway} \newacronym{avg}{AVG}{Active Virtual Gateway}
\newacronym{bb}{BB}{BitBucket}
\newacronym{bfd}{BFD}{Bidirectional Forwarding Detection}
\newacronym{bgp}{BGP}{Border Gateway Protocol} \newacronym{bgp}{BGP}{Border Gateway Protocol}
\newacronym{bpdu}{BPDU}{Bridge Protocol Data Unit} \newacronym{bpdu}{BPDU}{Bridge Protocol Data Unit}
\newacronym{bsd}{BSD}{Berkeley Software Distribution}
\newacronym{carp}{CARP}{Common Address Redundancy Protocol} \newacronym{carp}{CARP}{Common Address Redundancy Protocol}
\newacronym{cdp}{CDP}{Cisco Discovery Protocol} \newacronym{cdp}{CDP}{Cisco Discovery Protocol}
\newacronym{cdn}{CDN}{Cat Delivery Network} \newacronym{cdn}{CDN}{Cat Delivery Network}
\newacronym{cia}{CIA}{Central Intelligence Agency}
\newacronym{cli}{CLI}{Command Line Interface} \newacronym{cli}{CLI}{Command Line Interface}
\newacronym{cst}{CST}{Common Spanning Tree} \newacronym{cst}{CST}{Common Spanning Tree}
\newacronym{cest}{CEST}{Central European Summer Time} \newacronym{cest}{CEST}{Central European Summer Time}
\newacronym{chp}{CHP}{Combined Heat \& Power Plant} \newacronym{chp}{CHP}{Combined Heat \& Power Plant}
\newacronym{cph}{CPH}{Copenhagen}
\newacronym{cwdm}{CWDM}{} \newacronym{cwdm}{CWDM}{}
\newacronym{db}{DB}{Database} \newacronym{db}{DB}{Database}
\newacronym{dhcp}{DHCP}{Dynamic Host Control Protocol} \newacronym{dhcp}{DHCP}{Dynamic Host Control Protocol}
\newacronym{dknog}{DKNOG}{Danish Network Operators' Group} \newacronym{dknog}{DKNOG}{Danish Network Operators' Group}
\newacronym{dns}{DNS}{Domain Name System} \newacronym{dns}{DNS}{Domain Name System}
\newacronym{dr}{DR}{Danmarks Radio}
\newacronym{dsl}{DSL}{Digital Subscriber Line} \newacronym{dsl}{DSL}{Digital Subscriber Line}
\newacronym{dst}{dst}{destination} \newacronym{dst}{dst}{destination}
\newacronym{dwdm}{DWDM}{} \newacronym{dwdm}{DWDM}{}
\newacronym{eap}{EAP}{Extensible Authentication Protocol} \newacronym{eap}{EAP}{Extensible Authentication Protocol}
\newacronym{eapol}{EAPoL}{Extensible Authentication Protocol over Local Area Network} \newacronym{eapol}{EAPoL}{Extensible Authentication Protocol over Local Area Network}
\newacronym{eff}{EFF}{Electronic Frontier Foundation}
\newacronym{eigrp}{EIGRP}{Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol} \newacronym{eigrp}{EIGRP}{Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol}
\newacronym{erspan}{ERSPAN}{Encapsulated Remote Switch Port Analyser} \newacronym{erspan}{ERSPAN}{Encapsulated Remote Switch Port Analyser}
\newacronym{evpn}{EVPN}{Ethernet Virtual Private Network} \newacronym{evpn}{EVPN}{Ethernet Virtual Private Network}
\newacronym{fbi}{FBI}{Federal Bureau of Investigation}
\newacronym{fhrp}{FHRP}{First Hop Redundancy Protocol} \newacronym{fhrp}{FHRP}{First Hop Redundancy Protocol}
\newacronym{ftp}{FTP}{File Transfer Protocol} \newacronym{ftp}{FTP}{File Transfer Protocol}
\newacronym{ftps}{FTPS}{File Transfer Protocol Secure} \newacronym{ftps}{FTPS}{File Transfer Protocol Secure}
\newacronym{gh}{GH}{GitHub}
\newacronym{gl}{GL}{GitLab}
\newacronym{glbp}{GLBP}{Gateway Load Balancing Protocol} \newacronym{glbp}{GLBP}{Gateway Load Balancing Protocol}
\newacronym{gpl}{GPL}{GNU General Public License}
\newacronym{gps}{GPS}{Global Positioning System} \newacronym{gps}{GPS}{Global Positioning System}
\newacronym{gprs}{GPRS}{General Packet Radio Service} \newacronym{gprs}{GPRS}{General Packet Radio Service}
\newacronym{gsm}{GSM}{Global System for Mobile communications} \newacronym{gsm}{GSM}{Global System for Mobile communications}
\newacronym{ha}{HA}{High Availability} \newacronym{ha}{HA}{High Availability}
\newacronym{hsrp}{HSRP}{Hot-Standby Routing Protocol} \newacronym{hsrp}{HSRP}{Hot-Standby Routing Protocol}
\newacronym{http}{HTTP}{Hypertext Transfer Protocol}
\newacronym{https}{HTTPS}{Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure}
\newacronym{iab}{IAB}{Internet Architecture Board}
\newacronym{iana}{IANA}{Internet Assigned Numbers Authority}
\newacronym{icann}{ICANN}{Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers}
\newacronym{ieee}{IEEE}{Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers} \newacronym{ieee}{IEEE}{Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}
\newacronym{ietf}{IETF}{Internet Engineering Task Force}
\newacronym{igrp}{IGRP}{Interior Gateway Routing Protocol} \newacronym{igrp}{IGRP}{Interior Gateway Routing Protocol}
\newacronym{imap}{IMAP}{Internet Message Access Protocol} \newacronym{imap}{IMAP}{Internet Message Access Protocol}
\newacronym{ios}{IOS}{Internetwork Operating System} \newacronym{ios}{IOS}{Internetwork Operating System}
@ -45,7 +63,10 @@
\newacronym{ipv4}{IPv4}{Internet Protocol v4} \newacronym{ipv4}{IPv4}{Internet Protocol v4}
\newacronym{ipv6}{IPv6}{Internet Protocol v6} \newacronym{ipv6}{IPv6}{Internet Protocol v6}
\newacronym{irc}{IRC}{Internet Relay Chat} \newacronym{irc}{IRC}{Internet Relay Chat}
\newacronym{irtf}{IRTF}{Internet Research Task Force}
\newacronym{isis}{IS-IS}{Intermediate System to Intermediate System} \newacronym{isis}{IS-IS}{Intermediate System to Intermediate System}
\newacronym{isl}{ISL}{}
\newacronym{isoc}{ISoc}{Internet Society}
\newacronym{isp}{ISP}{Internet Service Provider} \newacronym{isp}{ISP}{Internet Service Provider}
\newacronym{junos}{JUNOS}{Juniper Network Operating System} \newacronym{junos}{JUNOS}{Juniper Network Operating System}
\newacronym{l2}{L2}{Layer 2} \newacronym{l2}{L2}{Layer 2}
@ -56,12 +77,14 @@
\newacronym{lldp}{LLDP}{Link Layer Discovery Protocol} \newacronym{lldp}{LLDP}{Link Layer Discovery Protocol}
\newacronym{mac}{MAC}{Media Access Control address} \newacronym{mac}{MAC}{Media Access Control address}
\newacronym{mec}{MEC}{Multichannel Ether-channel} \newacronym{mec}{MEC}{Multichannel Ether-channel}
\newacronym{mit}{MIT}{Massachusetts Institute of Technology}
\newacronym{mkc}{MKC}{Mikkel Kr\char"00F8ll} \newacronym{mkc}{MKC}{Mikkel Kr\char"00F8ll}
\newacronym{metdst}{MET-DST}{Middle European Time Daylight Saving Time} \newacronym{metdst}{MET-DST}{Middle European Time Daylight Saving Time}
\newacronym{mhsrp}{MHSRP}{Multigroup Hot-Standby Routing Protocol} \newacronym{mhsrp}{MHSRP}{Multigroup Hot-Standby Routing Protocol}
\newacronym{mpls}{MPLS}{Multiprotocol Label Switching} \newacronym{mpls}{MPLS}{Multiprotocol Label Switching}
\newacronym{mst}{MST}{Multiple Spanning Tree} \newacronym{mst}{MST}{Multiple Spanning Tree}
\newacronym{nms}{NMS}{Network Management Software} \newacronym{nms}{NMS}{Network Management Software}
\newacronym{nsa}{NSA}{National Security Agency}
\newacronym{nsf}{NSF}{Nonstop Forwarding} \newacronym{nsf}{NSF}{Nonstop Forwarding}
\newacronym{ntp}{NTP}{Network Time Protocol} \newacronym{ntp}{NTP}{Network Time Protocol}
\newacronym{osi}{OSI}{Open Systems Interconnection} \newacronym{osi}{OSI}{Open Systems Interconnection}
@ -75,8 +98,11 @@
\newacronym{pvrst+}{PVRST+}{Per Vlan Rapid Spanning Tree Plus} \newacronym{pvrst+}{PVRST+}{Per Vlan Rapid Spanning Tree Plus}
\newacronym{pvst}{PVST}{Per Vlan Spanning Tree} \newacronym{pvst}{PVST}{Per Vlan Spanning Tree}
\newacronym{pvst+}{PVST+}{Per Vlan Spanning Tree Plus} \newacronym{pvst+}{PVST+}{Per Vlan Spanning Tree Plus}
\newacronym{rdap}{RDAP}{Registration Data Access Protocol}
\newacronym{rfc}{RFC}{Request For Comments} \newacronym{rfc}{RFC}{Request For Comments}
\newacronym{rip}{RIP}{Routing Information Protocol} \newacronym{rip}{RIP}{Routing Information Protocol}
\newacronym{ripe}{RIPE NCC}{Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre}
\newacronym{ros}{ROS}{MikroTik RouterOS}
\newacronym{rpr}{RPR}{Route Processor Redundancy} \newacronym{rpr}{RPR}{Route Processor Redundancy}
\newacronym{rpr+}{RPR+}{Route Processor Redundancy Plus} \newacronym{rpr+}{RPR+}{Route Processor Redundancy Plus}
\newacronym{rspan}{RSPAN}{Remote Switch Port Analyser} \newacronym{rspan}{RSPAN}{Remote Switch Port Analyser}
@ -94,12 +120,15 @@
\newacronym{span}{SPAN}{Switch Port Analyser} \newacronym{span}{SPAN}{Switch Port Analyser}
\newacronym{src}{src}{source} \newacronym{src}{src}{source}
\newacronym{ssh}{SSH}{Secure Shell} \newacronym{ssh}{SSH}{Secure Shell}
\newacronym{ssl}{SSL}{Secure Socket Layer}
\newacronym{sso}{SSO}{Stateful Switchover} \newacronym{sso}{SSO}{Stateful Switchover}
\newacronym{stp}{STP}{Spanning Tree Protocol} \newacronym{stp}{STP}{Spanning Tree Protocol}
\newacronym{tcam}{TCAM}{}
\newacronym{tcn}{TCN}{Topology Change Notification} \newacronym{tcn}{TCN}{Topology Change Notification}
\newacronym{tcp}{TCP}{Transmission Control Protocol} \newacronym{tcp}{TCP}{Transmission Control Protocol}
\newacronym{tftp}{TFTP}{Trivial File Transfer Protocol} \newacronym{tftp}{TFTP}{Trivial File Transfer Protocol}
\newacronym{tldr}{TL;DR}{To Long; Didn't Read} \newacronym{tldr}{TL;DR}{To Long; Didn't Read}
\newacronym{tls}{TLS}{Transport Layer Security}
\newacronym{tlv}{TLV}{Type, Length, Value} \newacronym{tlv}{TLV}{Type, Length, Value}
\newacronym{toc}{ToC}{Table of Contents} \newacronym{toc}{ToC}{Table of Contents}
\newacronym{tosdr}{ToS;DR}{Terms of Service; Didn't Read} \newacronym{tosdr}{ToS;DR}{Terms of Service; Didn't Read}

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\chapter{The Internet {\footnotesize "Post cold-war modern times"}} \chapter[Internet]{The Internet {\footnotesize "Post cold-war modern times"}}
\section{Service Providers} The internet is a fundamental communication technology for today's modern society. The thing that started as the \Gls{arpanet}\cite{wiki:ARPANET} back in the late nineteen sixties has evolved to become the core of today's globalization on Earth.
\section{IXP} Many things, people and creations has come to be part of the internet we know today.
\section{MPLS} \section[SP]{Service Providers}
\section{BGP} They provide the basic connection to the \tsq{internet} we know.
\section{EVPN} \begin{itemize}
\item \itemhead{Provider Classes}
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Tier 1:} The granddaddies which does not pay for \Gls{ip} transit traffic from any other providers. They typically operate on the grand scale of the world and will often maintain peerings with most other tier 1 providers.
\item \textbf{Tier 2:} Pays for \Gls{ip} transit traffic from the tier 1 providers and will maintain a select number of peerings between each other to reach certain prefixes by a shorter path. The granddaddies are paid to be able to reach the parts of the internet the tier 2 providers cannot reach through peerings with other tier 2 providers and \Glspl{cdn}.
\item \textbf{Tier 3:} These networks can be large fx. large corporations, smaller local providers who do \textit{not} have downstream \Gls{ip} transit customers of their own and no peering relation ships.\footnote{Conditions comparable to \Gls{ospf} stub networks}
\end{itemize}
\item \itemhead{Provider Types}
\begin{itemize}
\item
\end{itemize}
\item \itemhead{Point to remember}
\begin{enumerate}
\item
\end{enumerate}
\end{itemize}
\section[IXP]{Internet Exchange}
\section[MPLS]{Multiprotocol Label Switching}
\section[BGP]{Border Gateway Protocol}
\subsection[MP-BGP]{Multipoint Border Gateway Protocol}
\section[EVPN]{Ethernet Virtual Private Network}

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@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ The server park churning out numbers, reports, handling image processing, journa
>>\hskip2mm\textbf{All hells lose somewhere!}\hskip2mm<< >>\hskip2mm\textbf{All hells lose somewhere!}\hskip2mm<<
\end{center} \end{center}
\section{Network Nodes} \section[Stacking]{Stacking of {\footnotesize Network} Switches}
\begin{center} \begin{center}
Cisco proposes \textbf{StackWise for Access} and \textbf{\gls{vss} for Aggregation} Layer modules. Cisco proposes \textbf{StackWise for Access} and \textbf{\gls{vss} for Aggregation} Layer modules.
@ -488,11 +488,24 @@ Go all the way and do consider if Supervisor Redundancy is a necessary requireme
\item View members status of stack ports: \cliline{show switch stack-ports} \item View members status of stack ports: \cliline{show switch stack-ports}
\end{itemize} \end{itemize}
\newpage
\subsection[VSS]{Virtual Switch Stacking} \subsection[VSS]{Virtual Switch Stacking}
Activating switch stacking means you get a single control plane for all
switches in a \gls{vss} stack. The stack master switch gets to have the active
control plane. With help of \gls{sso} \& \gls{nsf} data + switch fabric is kept
in sync between stack members. This way no communication is lost when failures
\textbf{do} happen at some point.
\fig{vss/vss2}{vss2}{How the access layer sees a \gls{vss}} \fig{vss/vss2}{vss2}{How the access layer sees a \gls{vss}}
\newpage \textbf{Benefits} with \gls{vss} technology is
\begin{enumerate}
\item Simplified topology,
\item use of \gls{mec} to provide loop-free topology,
\item with \gls{mec} \gls{fhrp} + \gls{stp} can be avoided.
\end{enumerate}
\section[FHRP]{First Hop Redundancy Protocol} \section[FHRP]{First Hop Redundancy Protocol}

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\chapter{VoIP}

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\chapter{Wireless}

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\include{chapter/ntp} \include{chapter/ntp}
\include{chapter/mgmt} \include{chapter/mgmt}
\include{chapter/internet} \include{chapter/internet}
\include{chapter/wireless}
\include{chapter/voip}
\include{chapter/baseconf} \include{chapter/baseconf}
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