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acronyms.tex
29
acronyms.tex
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\newacronym{adsl}{ADSL}{Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line}
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\newacronym{ap}{AP}{Access Point}
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\newacronym{arin}{ARIN}{American Registry for Internet Numbers}
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\newacronym{arp}{ARP}{Address Resolution Protocol}
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\newacronym{arpanet}{ARPANET}{Advanced Research Projects Agency Network}
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\newacronym{avf}{AVF}{Active Virtual Forwarder}
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\newacronym{avg}{AVG}{Active Virtual Gateway}
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\newacronym{bb}{BB}{BitBucket}
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\newacronym{bfd}{BFD}{Bidirectional Forwarding Detection}
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\newacronym{bgp}{BGP}{Border Gateway Protocol}
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\newacronym{bpdu}{BPDU}{Bridge Protocol Data Unit}
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\newacronym{bsd}{BSD}{Berkeley Software Distribution}
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\newacronym{carp}{CARP}{Common Address Redundancy Protocol}
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\newacronym{cdp}{CDP}{Cisco Discovery Protocol}
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\newacronym{cdn}{CDN}{Cat Delivery Network}
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\newacronym{cia}{CIA}{Central Intelligence Agency}
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\newacronym{cli}{CLI}{Command Line Interface}
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\newacronym{cst}{CST}{Common Spanning Tree}
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\newacronym{cest}{CEST}{Central European Summer Time}
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\newacronym{chp}{CHP}{Combined Heat \& Power Plant}
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\newacronym{cph}{CPH}{Copenhagen}
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\newacronym{cwdm}{CWDM}{}
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\newacronym{db}{DB}{Database}
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\newacronym{dhcp}{DHCP}{Dynamic Host Control Protocol}
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\newacronym{dknog}{DKNOG}{Danish Network Operators' Group}
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\newacronym{dns}{DNS}{Domain Name System}
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\newacronym{dr}{DR}{Danmarks Radio}
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\newacronym{dsl}{DSL}{Digital Subscriber Line}
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\newacronym{dst}{dst}{destination}
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\newacronym{dwdm}{DWDM}{}
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\newacronym{eap}{EAP}{Extensible Authentication Protocol}
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\newacronym{eapol}{EAPoL}{Extensible Authentication Protocol over Local Area Network}
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\newacronym{eff}{EFF}{Electronic Frontier Foundation}
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\newacronym{eigrp}{EIGRP}{Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol}
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\newacronym{erspan}{ERSPAN}{Encapsulated Remote Switch Port Analyser}
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\newacronym{evpn}{EVPN}{Ethernet Virtual Private Network}
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\newacronym{fbi}{FBI}{Federal Bureau of Investigation}
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\newacronym{fhrp}{FHRP}{First Hop Redundancy Protocol}
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\newacronym{ftp}{FTP}{File Transfer Protocol}
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\newacronym{ftps}{FTPS}{File Transfer Protocol Secure}
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\newacronym{gh}{GH}{GitHub}
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\newacronym{gl}{GL}{GitLab}
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\newacronym{glbp}{GLBP}{Gateway Load Balancing Protocol}
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\newacronym{gpl}{GPL}{GNU General Public License}
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\newacronym{gps}{GPS}{Global Positioning System}
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\newacronym{gprs}{GPRS}{General Packet Radio Service}
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\newacronym{gsm}{GSM}{Global System for Mobile communications}
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\newacronym{ha}{HA}{High Availability}
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\newacronym{hsrp}{HSRP}{Hot-Standby Routing Protocol}
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\newacronym{http}{HTTP}{Hypertext Transfer Protocol}
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\newacronym{https}{HTTPS}{Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure}
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\newacronym{iab}{IAB}{Internet Architecture Board}
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\newacronym{iana}{IANA}{Internet Assigned Numbers Authority}
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\newacronym{icann}{ICANN}{Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers}
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\newacronym{ieee}{IEEE}{Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}
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\newacronym{ietf}{IETF}{Internet Engineering Task Force}
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\newacronym{igrp}{IGRP}{Interior Gateway Routing Protocol}
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\newacronym{imap}{IMAP}{Internet Message Access Protocol}
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\newacronym{ios}{IOS}{Internetwork Operating System}
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\newacronym{ipv4}{IPv4}{Internet Protocol v4}
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\newacronym{ipv6}{IPv6}{Internet Protocol v6}
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\newacronym{irc}{IRC}{Internet Relay Chat}
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\newacronym{irtf}{IRTF}{Internet Research Task Force}
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\newacronym{isis}{IS-IS}{Intermediate System to Intermediate System}
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\newacronym{isl}{ISL}{}
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\newacronym{isoc}{ISoc}{Internet Society}
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\newacronym{isp}{ISP}{Internet Service Provider}
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\newacronym{junos}{JUNOS}{Juniper Network Operating System}
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\newacronym{l2}{L2}{Layer 2}
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\newacronym{lldp}{LLDP}{Link Layer Discovery Protocol}
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\newacronym{mac}{MAC}{Media Access Control address}
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\newacronym{mec}{MEC}{Multichannel Ether-channel}
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\newacronym{mit}{MIT}{Massachusetts Institute of Technology}
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\newacronym{mkc}{MKC}{Mikkel Kr\char"00F8ll}
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\newacronym{metdst}{MET-DST}{Middle European Time Daylight Saving Time}
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\newacronym{mhsrp}{MHSRP}{Multigroup Hot-Standby Routing Protocol}
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\newacronym{mpls}{MPLS}{Multiprotocol Label Switching}
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\newacronym{mst}{MST}{Multiple Spanning Tree}
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\newacronym{nms}{NMS}{Network Management Software}
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\newacronym{nsa}{NSA}{National Security Agency}
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\newacronym{nsf}{NSF}{Nonstop Forwarding}
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\newacronym{ntp}{NTP}{Network Time Protocol}
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\newacronym{osi}{OSI}{Open Systems Interconnection}
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\newacronym{pvrst+}{PVRST+}{Per Vlan Rapid Spanning Tree Plus}
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\newacronym{pvst}{PVST}{Per Vlan Spanning Tree}
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\newacronym{pvst+}{PVST+}{Per Vlan Spanning Tree Plus}
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\newacronym{rdap}{RDAP}{Registration Data Access Protocol}
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\newacronym{rfc}{RFC}{Request For Comments}
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\newacronym{rip}{RIP}{Routing Information Protocol}
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\newacronym{ripe}{RIPE NCC}{Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre}
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\newacronym{ros}{ROS}{MikroTik RouterOS}
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\newacronym{rpr}{RPR}{Route Processor Redundancy}
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\newacronym{rpr+}{RPR+}{Route Processor Redundancy Plus}
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\newacronym{rspan}{RSPAN}{Remote Switch Port Analyser}
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\newacronym{span}{SPAN}{Switch Port Analyser}
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\newacronym{src}{src}{source}
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\newacronym{ssh}{SSH}{Secure Shell}
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\newacronym{ssl}{SSL}{Secure Socket Layer}
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\newacronym{sso}{SSO}{Stateful Switchover}
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\newacronym{stp}{STP}{Spanning Tree Protocol}
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\newacronym{tcam}{TCAM}{}
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\newacronym{tcn}{TCN}{Topology Change Notification}
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\newacronym{tcp}{TCP}{Transmission Control Protocol}
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\newacronym{tftp}{TFTP}{Trivial File Transfer Protocol}
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\newacronym{tldr}{TL;DR}{To Long; Didn't Read}
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\newacronym{tls}{TLS}{Transport Layer Security}
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\newacronym{tlv}{TLV}{Type, Length, Value}
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\newacronym{toc}{ToC}{Table of Contents}
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\newacronym{tosdr}{ToS;DR}{Terms of Service; Didn't Read}
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\chapter{The Internet {\footnotesize "Post cold-war modern times"}}
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\chapter[Internet]{The Internet {\footnotesize "Post cold-war modern times"}}
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\section{Service Providers}
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The internet is a fundamental communication technology for today's modern society. The thing that started as the \Gls{arpanet}\cite{wiki:ARPANET} back in the late nineteen sixties has evolved to become the core of today's globalization on Earth.
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\section{IXP}
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Many things, people and creations has come to be part of the internet we know today.
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\section{MPLS}
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\section[SP]{Service Providers}
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\section{BGP}
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They provide the basic connection to the \tsq{internet} we know.
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\section{EVPN}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \itemhead{Provider Classes}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \textbf{Tier 1:} The granddaddies which does not pay for \Gls{ip} transit traffic from any other providers. They typically operate on the grand scale of the world and will often maintain peerings with most other tier 1 providers.
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\item \textbf{Tier 2:} Pays for \Gls{ip} transit traffic from the tier 1 providers and will maintain a select number of peerings between each other to reach certain prefixes by a shorter path. The granddaddies are paid to be able to reach the parts of the internet the tier 2 providers cannot reach through peerings with other tier 2 providers and \Glspl{cdn}.
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\item \textbf{Tier 3:} These networks can be large fx. large corporations, smaller local providers who do \textit{not} have downstream \Gls{ip} transit customers of their own and no peering relation ships.\footnote{Conditions comparable to \Gls{ospf} stub networks}
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\end{itemize}
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\item \itemhead{Provider Types}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item
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\end{itemize}
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\item \itemhead{Point to remember}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{itemize}
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\section[IXP]{Internet Exchange}
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\section[MPLS]{Multiprotocol Label Switching}
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\section[BGP]{Border Gateway Protocol}
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\subsection[MP-BGP]{Multipoint Border Gateway Protocol}
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\section[EVPN]{Ethernet Virtual Private Network}
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@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ The server park churning out numbers, reports, handling image processing, journa
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>>\hskip2mm\textbf{All hells lose somewhere!}\hskip2mm<<
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\end{center}
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\section{Network Nodes}
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\section[Stacking]{Stacking of {\footnotesize Network} Switches}
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\begin{center}
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Cisco proposes \textbf{StackWise for Access} and \textbf{\gls{vss} for Aggregation} Layer modules.
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\item View members status of stack ports: \cliline{show switch stack-ports}
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\end{itemize}
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\newpage
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\subsection[VSS]{Virtual Switch Stacking}
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Activating switch stacking means you get a single control plane for all
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switches in a \gls{vss} stack. The stack master switch gets to have the active
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control plane. With help of \gls{sso} \& \gls{nsf} data + switch fabric is kept
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in sync between stack members. This way no communication is lost when failures
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\textbf{do} happen at some point.
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\fig{vss/vss2}{vss2}{How the access layer sees a \gls{vss}}
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\newpage
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\textbf{Benefits} with \gls{vss} technology is
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Simplified topology,
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\item use of \gls{mec} to provide loop-free topology,
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\item with \gls{mec} \gls{fhrp} + \gls{stp} can be avoided.
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\end{enumerate}
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\section[FHRP]{First Hop Redundancy Protocol}
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chapter/voip.tex
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\chapter{VoIP}
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chapter/wireless.tex
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chapter/wireless.tex
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\chapter{Wireless}
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