Merge branch 'master' into 19-l3-static-routing

2024-11-26 19:27:57 +00:00 · 2018-02-18 18:01:31 +01:00 · 2018-02-18 18:01:31 +01:00 · 3b2344d295
parent b8c3357a9b 14738370fb
commit 3b2344d295
17 changed files with 382 additions and 40 deletions
--- a/.mailmap
+++ b/.mailmap
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-Christoffer <netravnen@gmail.com> <anonymous@overleaf.com>
-Christoffer <netravnen@gmail.com> <unknown@example.com>
-Christoffer <netravnen@gmail.com> <netravnen@users.noreply.github.com>
-Christoffer <netravnen@gmail.com> <zbcchhan11@zbc.dk> 
+Christoffer Hansen <netravnen@gmail.com> <anonymous@overleaf.com>
+Christoffer Hansen <netravnen@gmail.com> <unknown@example.com>
+Christoffer Hansen <netravnen@gmail.com> <netravnen@users.noreply.github.com>
+Christoffer Hansen <netravnen@gmail.com> <zbcchhan11@zbc.dk> 
+Christoffer Hansen <netravnen@gmail.com>
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@ -7,6 +7,14 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
 ## [Unreleased]
 - See commit changelog

+## [0.4.0] - 2018-02-18
+### Added
+- EIGRP chapter
+
+## [0.3.4] - 2017-09-17
+### Fix
+- Cannot remember what was fixed
+
 ## [0.3.3] - 2017-09-15
 ### Fix
 - Table 2: Spanning Tree standards
@ -55,7 +63,26 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
 - Initial version
 - Section: Spanning Tree

-[Unreleased]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.3.3...HEAD
+[1.0.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.19.0...v1.0.0
+[0.19.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.18.0...v0.19.0
+[0.18.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.17.0...v0.18.0
+[0.17.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.16.0...v0.17.0
+[0.16.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.15.0...v0.16.0
+[0.15.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.14.0...v0.15.0
+[0.14.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.13.0...v0.14.0
+[0.13.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.12.0...v0.13.0
+[0.12.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.11.0...v0.12.0
+[0.11.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.10.0...v0.11.0
+[0.10.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.9.0...v0.10.0
+[0.9.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.8.0...v0.9.0
+[0.8.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.7.0...v0.8.0
+[0.7.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.6.0...v0.7.0
+[0.6.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.5.0...v0.6.0
+[0.5.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.4.0...v0.5.0
+
+[Unreleased]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.4.0...HEAD
+[0.4.0]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.3.4...v0.4.0
+[0.3.4]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.3.3...v0.3.4
 [0.3.3]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.3.2...v0.3.3
 [0.3.2]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.3.1...v0.3.2
 [0.3.1]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes/compare/v0.3.0...v0.3.1
--- a/LICENSE.md
+++ b/LICENSE.md
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 BSD 3-Clause License

-Copyright (c) 2017, Netravnen
+Copyright (c) 2017-2018, Netravnen
 All rights reserved.

 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
--- a/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Merge request
+
+Describe in sub-points to the listed main points:
+- New ?
+- Changed ?
+- Removed ?
+
+Make sure to have read the [contribution guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) in advance
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+URLs: [Development repository][gitlab], [mirror][github], [mirror][git.data.coop]
+
 # Subjects tryied covered

 ## Switching
- [X] Spanning Tree
+- [x] Spanning Tree
 - [ ] SDM Templates
 - [ ] PoE
 - [ ] LACP
@ -10,9 +12,9 @@
 - [ ] vPC (cisco proprietary)

 ## Routing
- [X] BGP
+- [x] BGP
 - [ ] ISIS
- [ ] EIGRP (cisco proprietary)
+- [x] EIGRP (cisco proprietary)
 - [ ] OSPF
 - [ ] RIP
 - [ ] InterVLAN Routing
@ -59,19 +61,20 @@
 - [ ] StackWise

 ## AAA
- [X] TACACS+ (cisco proprietary)
- [X] RADIUS
+- [x] TACACS+ (cisco proprietary)
+- [x] RADIUS

 ## Example configuration snippets
 - [ ] SSH
- [X] CDP (cisco proprietary)
- [X] DHCP
- [X] HSRP (cisco proprietary)
- [X] Hardware clock
- [X] LLDP
- [X] NTP
- [X] OSPFv2
- [X] VTY
+- [x] CDP (cisco proprietary)
+- [x] DHCP
+- [x] HSRP (cisco proprietary)
+- [x] Hardware clock
+- [x] LLDP
+- [x] NTP
+- [x] OSPFv2
+- [x] VTY

-[repo-origin]: https://gitlab.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes
-[repo-mirror]: https://github.com/netravnen/CiscoLabNotes
+[gitlab]: https://gitlab.com/NETRAVNEN/NetworkLabNotes
+[github]: https://github.com/NETRAVNEN/NetworkLabNotes
+[git.data.coop]: https://git.data.coop/NETRAVNEN/NetworkLabNotes/settings
--- a/acronyms.tex
+++ b/acronyms.tex
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 \newacronym{adsl}{ADSL}{Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line}
+\newacronym{aodv}{AODV}{Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing}
 \newacronym{ap}{AP}{Access Point}
 \newacronym{arin}{ARIN}{American Registry for Internet Numbers}
 \newacronym{arp}{ARP}{Address Resolution Protocol}
@ -31,6 +32,8 @@
 \newacronym{dns}{DNS}{Domain Name System}
 \newacronym{dns6}{DNSv6}{Domain Name System version 6}
 \newacronym{dr}{DR}{Danmarks Radio}
+\newacronym{dual}{DUAL}{Diffusing Update Algorithm}
+\newacronym{dsdv}{DSDV}{Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector}
 \newacronym{dsl}{DSL}{Digital Subscriber Line}
 \newacronym{dst}{dst}{destination}
 \newacronym{dwdm}{DWDM}{}
@ -46,6 +49,7 @@
 \newacronym{fhrp}{FHRP}{First Hop Redundancy Protocol}
 \newacronym{fib}{FIB}{Forward Information Base}
 \newacronym{fix}{FIX}{Federal Internet Exchange}
+\newacronym{frr}{FRR}{Free Range Routing daemon}
 \newacronym{fsm}{FSM}{Finite State Machine}
 \newacronym{ftp}{FTP}{File Transfer Protocol}
 \newacronym{ftps}{FTPS}{File Transfer Protocol Secure}
@ -58,6 +62,7 @@
 \newacronym{gprs}{GPRS}{General Packet Radio Service}
 \newacronym{gsm}{GSM}{Global System for Mobile communications}
 \newacronym{ha}{HA}{High Availability}
+\newacronym{hmac}{HMAC}{Hashed Message Authentication Code}
 \newacronym{hsrp}{HSRP}{Hot-Standby Routing Protocol}
 \newacronym{http}{HTTP}{Hypertext Transfer Protocol}
 \newacronym{https}{HTTPS}{Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure}
@ -78,6 +83,7 @@
 \newacronym{ip6}{IPv6}{Internet Protocol version 6}
 \newacronym{ipv4}{IPv4}{Internet Protocol version 4}
 \newacronym{ipv6}{IPv6}{Internet Protocol version 6}
+\newacronym{ipx}{IPX}{Internetwork Packet Exchange}
 \newacronym{irc}{IRC}{Internet Relay Chat}
 \newacronym{irtf}{IRTF}{Internet Research Task Force}
 \newacronym{isis}{IS-IS}{Intermediate System to Intermediate System}
@ -115,6 +121,7 @@
 \newacronym{ospf}{OSPF}{Open Shortest Path First}
 \newacronym{ospf3}{OSPFv3}{Open Shortest Path First v3}
 \newacronym{ospfv3}{OSPFv3}{Open Shortest Path First v3}
+\newacronym{p2p}{P-2-P}{Point-to-Point}
 \newacronym{pagp}{PAgP}{Port Aggregation Protocol}
 \newacronym{poe}{PoE}{Power over Ethernet}
 \newacronym{poe+}{PoE+}{Power over Ethernet Plus}
@ -140,9 +147,11 @@
 \newacronym{rpvst}{RPVST}{Per Vlan Rapid Spanning Tree}
 \newacronym{rpvst+}{RPVST+}{Per Vlan Rapid Spanning Tree Plus}
 \newacronym{rsvp}{RSVP}{Resource Reservation Protocol}
+\newacronym{rtp}{RTP}{Reliable Transport Protocol}
 \newacronym{sdm}{SDM}{Security Device Manager}
 \newacronym{sdsl}{SDSL}{Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line}
 \newacronym{sftp}{SFTP}{Secure Shell File Transfer Protocol}
+\newacronym{sia}{SIA}{Stuck in Active}
 \newacronym{sla}{SLA}{Service Level Agreement}
 \newacronym{slaac}{SLAAC}{Stateless Address Autoconfiguration}
 \newacronym{smtp}{SMTP}{Simpe Mail Transfer Protocol}
@ -170,6 +179,7 @@
 \newacronym{ula}{ULA}{Unique Local Address}
 \newacronym{utc}{UTC}{Coordinated Universal Time}
 \newacronym{vlan}{VLAN}{Virtual Local Area Network}
+\newacronym{vlsm}{VLSM}{Variable-Length Subnet Masking}
 \newacronym{vpn}{VPN}{Virtual Private Network}
 \newacronym{vrf}{VRF}{Virtual Routing and Forwarding}
 \newacronym{vrrp}{VRRP}{Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol}
--- a/chapter/layer3.tex
+++ b/chapter/layer3.tex
@ -2,9 +2,207 @@

 \section{Routed Network}

+\subsection{Administrative Distance}
+
+\begin{table}[]
+    \centering
+    \resizebox{\columnwidth}{!}{%
+        \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
+            \hline
+            \textbf{Routing Protocol} & \textbf{Administrative distance} \\ \hline
+            Directly connected interface & 0 \\ \hline
+            Static route out an interface & 1 \\ \hline
+            Static route to next-hop address & 1 \\ \hline
+            DMNR - Dynamic Mobile Network Routing & 3 \\ \hline
+            EIGRP summary route & 5 \\ \hline
+            External BGP & 20 \\ \hline
+            Internal EIGRP & 90 \\ \hline
+            IGRP & 100 \\ \hline
+            OSPF & 110 \\ \hline
+            IS-IS & 115 \\ \hline
+            Routing Information Protocol (RIP) & 120 \\ \hline
+            Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) & 140 \\ \hline
+            On Demand Routing (ODR) & 160 \\ \hline
+            External EIGRP & 170 \\ \hline
+            Internal BGP & 200 \\ \hline
+            Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) & 250 \\ \hline
+            Floating Static Route (ex. DHCP-learned) & 254 \\ \hline
+            Unknown (Others) & 255 \\ \hline
+        \end{tabular}%
+    }
+    \caption{Cisco default administrative distances}
+    \label{cisco-default-administrative-distances}
+\end{table}
+
+Always remember the following points for Cisco devices:\cite{wiki:Administrative_distance}
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item An administrative distance of 255 will cause the router to remove the route from the routing table and not use it.
+    \item Since IOS 12.2, the administrative distance of a static route with an exit interface is 1. Prior to the release of 12.2 it was in fact 0.
+    \item Only the interface itself has an administrative distance of 0, since a route cannot have a distance of less than 1.
+    \item Directly connected routes have an administrative distance of 0.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\newpage
+
 \section{OSPF}
+
+\newpage
+
 \section{IS-IS}
+
+\newpage
+
 \section{EIGRP}
+
+\gls{eigrp} is Cisco's enhanced edition if \gls{igrp}. Dating back to 1993 and a
+leg for Cisco over other vendors back in the early days of the Internet. (..
+hmm. And remember Cisco's implementation of \gls{ospf} was known to be unstable
+until the early 2000's.)
+
+The change to \gls{eigrp} from \gls{igrp} was due to the support of classless
+routing. (\gls{igrp} only supported classful routing of class A (/8), B (/16),
+and C (/24) networks.)
+
+Cisco converted \gls{eigrp} to an open standard back in 2013 with
+\rfc{7868}.\cite{wiki:Enhanced_Interior_Gateway_Routing_Protocol}
+
+\gls{eigrp} adds support for \gls{vlsm} and the \gls{dual} with improved routing
+capabilities in comparison to \gls{igrp}. Overall \gls{eigrp} provides better
+capabilities compared to it's predecessor.
+
+\subsection[Math]{The Math behind}
+
+\fig{math/eigrp-dual-long}{eigrp-dual-long}{\glspl{eigrp} \gls{dual} full
+    formula}
+
+By default $K_2$, and $K_4$ is set to zero. (The are user customizable!) And
+$K_5$ is set to 0.
+
+In effect the resulting shorter formula is this:
+
+\fig{math/eigrp-dual-short}{eigrp-dual-short}{\glspl{eigrp} \gls{dual} short
+    formula}
+
+\subsection{How it actually works}
+
+\gls{eigrp} does it routing on a \texttt{next-hop} basis. Meaning it only stores
+information about a given routes next turn. And \textbf{not} about the
+destination itself. (Like \gls{ospf} does)
+
+\subsubsection{Defaults}
+
+\gls{eigrp} runs on Cisco equipment with values of:
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item \itemhead[]{Administrative Distance (Defaults)}
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item Internal: 90
+        \item External: 180
+        \item Summary: 5
+    \end{itemize}
+    \item \itemhead[]{Timers}
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item Hello: 5s / 60s \footnote{The larger timer value applies at speeds <= T1 circuit bandwidth (a.k.a. lower-than-equal-to 1.544 Mbps)}
+        \item Hold: 15s / 180s
+    \end{itemize}
+    \item \itemhead[]{Supported Protocols}
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item \gls{ip}
+        \item \gls{ipx}
+        \item AppleTalk
+    \end{itemize}
+    \item \itemhead[]{Other}
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item Type: Distance Vector
+        \item Algorithm: \gls{dual}
+        \item Transport: \gls{ip}/88
+        \item Authentication: MD5
+        \item Multicast \gls{ipv4}: 224.0.0.10
+        \item Multicast \gls{ipv6}: <!-- some number -->
+    \end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{Tables}
+
+\gls{eigrp} contains three tables for storing route information.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+    \item \itemhead[]{Neighbor Table}
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item \textit{Lists \textbf{all} directly connected neighbors}
+        \item Next-Hop Router(s)
+        \item Interface(s)
+    \end{itemize}
+    \item \itemhead[]{Topology Table}
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item \textit{Lists \textbf{all} learned from \textbf{all} \gls{eigrp} neighbors}
+        \item Destination
+        \item Metric
+    \end{itemize}
+    \item \itemhead[]{Global Routing Table}
+    \begin{itemize}
+        \item \textit{Best routes from \gls{eigrp} topology tabel will be copied to the routing table}
+    \end{itemize}
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection{Stub Routing}
+
+\gls{eigrp} features some different ways to configure routers for specific routing scenarios. \texttt{Stub} routing is one of them.
+
+Stub routing effectively prevents the given stub site/router to be used for transit traffic.
+
+If a router is configured as a \texttt{Stud Router}. It only carries information about \tsq{it}s locally connected routes and a default route back to the transit routers. \tsq{It}s also omitted from being queried about networks is does not advertise. {\small (I.e. The Routes Query Process)}s
+
+\subsection{Updates Exchange}
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+    \item Routers always exchange full topology table information when neighbor-ship is established.
+    \item Now refresh of data will be done. Unless topology updates occur.
+    \item If the topology changes. A partial update about the specific prefix is sent to neighbors.\footnote{Changes includes metric components, link statuses, change in announced topology information.}
+    \item If a neighbor-ship fail. Then a new adjacency is formed with a full topology exchange is done.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+Always remember \gls{eigrp} does split-horizon by default on all active links when exchanging topology updates.
+
+Split-horizon is the \textit{famous} rule about not sending topology updates back to the router who sent the topology update in the first place.
+
+\gls{eigrp} uses \gls{rtp} to send topology updates and confirmation receipts.
+
+On \gls{p2p} interfaces. \gls{eigrp} simply send and ACK back to the sender.
+On multi-access interface/segments. \gls{eigrp} sends updates to 224.0.0.10 and receivers reply with a unicast ACK message to the sender.
+
+\subsection[SIA]{Stuck-in-Active}
+\gls{eigrp} is known and feared for it being \texttt{Stuck-in-Active} mode when exchanging route updates between routers. The Stuck-in-Active state could cause problems on low end network gear with a low amount of resources available for the routing process. Which in cases could cause the network device to use all available resources when querying neighbor devices for updates.
+
+\fig{eigrp/stuck-in-active}{stuck-in-active}{EIGRP Stuck in Active}
+
+End result is neighbor ships between \gls{eigrp} routers is terminated and re-established again with a fresh set of route updates going out.
+
+Imagine a large \gls{eigrp} topology (3-digit number of routers) in a single domain and beginning with 1 neighbor-ship gets re-established. And then again and again and again. Can result in quickly several routers going Stuck-in-Active because \gls{eigrp} queries are not getting answered within a short time-frame when all routers needs to query \tsq{it}s own neighbors and their neighbors and their neighbors and so forth. Until their are no more neighbors to be queried up and down the hierarchical network topology.
+
+\fig{network/routing}{network-topology}{Medium sized network topology}
+
+\subsection{Non-Cisco Implementations}
+
+This is always a particular point of discussion around \gls{eigrp}. Cisco has released \textit{some} information on how \gls{eigrp} works.
+Not \textit{all} information.
+And only as \textit{informational} RFCs.
+This ensures Cisco \textit{still} has control of the development of the protocol.
+Because they have retained ownership by only publishing informational RFCs.
+
+This has been a hindrance for the adoption of \gls{eigrp} in other vendors than Cisco them-self.
+
+Known adoptions of EIGRP includes:
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item \gls{frr} targeted release 4\cite{Frr30-4047:online}
+    \item Quagga has known works for trying to implement \gls{eigrp}. Still not officially implemented, thou.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Filtering}
+
+\gls{eigrp} routing updates can of course be filtered in- and outgoing direction on Cisco boxes by using prefix-lists and applying the prefix lists under the \texttt{router eigrp x} process.
+
+\newpage
+
 \section{RIP}

 rip is the old routing protocol still existing using nukber-of-hops as the metric to calculate which route to take to the intended destination. This approach can work fine but has a nukber of weaknesses.
@ -13,10 +211,58 @@ rip is the old routing protocol still existing using nukber-of-hops as the metri
 3. Has no concept of load sharing traffic between links if the same amount of hops is present amongst the best paths available.
 4. Limited to a miximum of 16 hops between source and destination.

+\newpage
+
 \subsection{RIPng}

 The version of rip supporting ipv6. different to the standard rip in the ng version is using different multicast addresses to communicate on.

+\newpage
+
+\section{Babel}
+
+Babel is built on the principles of 1) \gls{dsdv}, 2) \gls{aodv}, and 3) 
+\gls{eigrp} protocols.
+Made for hybrid networks\footnote{network contains wired and wireless links} 
+and can account for a high level of instability on wireless links.
+
+Babel has been reported to be running stable in unstable wireless networks with 
+a level of reliability and fast convergence.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item Loop-avoidance protocol,
+    \item Uses distributed Bellman-Ford algorithm,
+    \item \rfc{6126} in 45 pages, \textit{(28 are normative)}
+    \begin{enumerate}
+        \item Updates by \rfc{7298} {\scriptsize (The Babel extension 
+        mechanism)}, and
+        \item \rfc{7557} {\scriptsize (Babel \gls{hmac} Cryptographic 
+        Authentication)}.
+    \end{enumerate}
+    \item Highly extensible protocol,\cite{BabelDoe86:online}
+    \item Supports \gls{ip4} and \gls{ip6}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Babel on \underline{wired} networks uses by default hop-count. Can be 
+configured to include several values when computing the metrics.
+On \underline{wireless} networks Babel should be configured to take into 
+account factors such as link latency, packet loss, hop-count, and radio 
+diversity.
+
+\subsection{Protocol support}
+
+Currently the following projects include support for Babel: 
+\cite{Babel-al30:online}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item Bird {\footnotesize \url{http://bird.network.cz/}}
+    \item FRR {\footnotesize \url{https://frrouting.org/}}
+    \item Pybabel {\footnotesize \url{https://github.com/fingon/pybabel/}}
+    \item Sbabeld {\footnotesize \url{http://github.com/jech/sbabeld/}}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\newpage
+
 \section{Static}

 \newpage
--- a/frontpage.tex
+++ b/frontpage.tex
@ -1,12 +1,5 @@
 \DTMsavenow{now}

-\title{Networking with switches and routers, automation and IPv4/6}
-\def\thesubject{My Notes going along with learning Cisco Networking}
-
-\author{"Netravnen (Gmail) (netravnen@gmail.com)" <netravnen@gmail.com>\\
-    Fingerprint: C8B3 82A8 A1CD CDB7 71FE  B24C C654 948F DA86 BECD}
-
-\def\theversion{v0.3.3}
 \date{{\footnotesize Last release \theversion\\%
    \texttt{\color{Gray}Generated \utccurrenttime}}}

--- a/img/eigrp/stuck-in-active.jpg
+++ b/img/eigrp/stuck-in-active.jpg
--- a/img/math/eigrp-dual-long.png
+++ b/img/math/eigrp-dual-long.png
--- a/img/math/eigrp-dual-short.png
+++ b/img/math/eigrp-dual-short.png
--- a/img/network/routing.jpg
+++ b/img/network/routing.jpg
--- a/main.tex
+++ b/main.tex
@ -3,6 +3,18 @@
 \include{structure} % Load structure cfg for document
 \include{acronyms} % Load acronym list

+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%                                                    %
+% Define constants to ensure attribution of work     %
+%                                                    %
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\theversion{v0.4.0}
+\title{Networking with switches and routers, automation and IPv4/6}
+\def\thesubject{My Notes going along with learning Networking}
+\author{"Christoffer Hansen" <netravnen@gmail.com>\\
+    GPG: C8B3 82A8 A1CD CDB7 71FE  B24C C654 948F DA86 BECD}
+
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 %                                                    %
 % BEGIN DOCUMENT                                     %
@ -69,7 +81,7 @@
 %                                                    %
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

-\bibliography{references-books,references-websites,references-wikipedia}
+\bibliography{references-books,references-websites,references-wikipedia,references-videos}

 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 %                                                    %
--- a/references-videos.bib
+++ b/references-videos.bib
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+@misc{BabelDoe86:online,
+    author = {Juliusz Chroboczek},
+    title = {Babel Doesn't Care + Slides - BattleMeshV8 - YouTube},
+    howpublished = 
+    {\url{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zMDLVln3XM&t=10s&ab_channel=AdjyLeak}},
+    month = {August},
+    year = {2015},
+    note = {(Accessed on 02/18/2018)}
+}
--- a/references-websites.bib
+++ b/references-websites.bib
@ -39,4 +39,22 @@
    month = "September",
    year = "2011",
    note = "[Online; accessed on 24-June-2017]"
+}
+
+@misc{Frr30-4047:online,
+    author = {Donald Sharp},
+    title = {Frr 3.0 → 4.0 · FRRouting/frr Wiki},
+    howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/FRRouting/frr/wiki/Frr-3.0-%E2%86%92-4.0}},
+    month = {February},
+    year = {2018},
+    note = {(Accessed on 02/18/2018)}
+}
+
+@misc{Babel-al30:online,
+    author = {Juliusz Chroboczek},
+    title = {Babel — a loop-avoiding distance-vector routing protocol},
+    howpublished = {\url{https://www.irif.fr/~jch/software/babel/}},
+    month = {},
+    year = {},
+    note = {(Accessed on 02/18/2018)}
 }
--- a/references-wikipedia.bib
+++ b/references-wikipedia.bib
@ -96,4 +96,20 @@
    year = "2017",
    howpublished = {\url{http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solicited-node\%20multicast\%20address&oldid=787116453}},
    note = "[Online; accessed 19-July-2017]"
+}
+
+@misc{ wiki:Administrative_distance,
+    author = "Wikipedia",
+    title = "{Administrative distance} --- {W}ikipedia{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
+    year = "2017",
+    howpublished = {\url{http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Administrative\%20distance&oldid=799742717}},
+    note = "[Online; accessed 18-September-2017]"
+}
+
+@misc{ wiki:Enhanced_Interior_Gateway_Routing_Protocol,
+    author = "Wikipedia",
+    title = "{Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol} --- {W}ikipedia{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
+    year = "2017",
+    howpublished = {\url{http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enhanced\%20Interior\%20Gateway\%20Routing\%20Protocol&oldid=800921738}},
+    note = "[Online; accessed 18-September-2017]"
 }
--- a/structure.tex
+++ b/structure.tex
@ -4,28 +4,25 @@
 \usepackage{lmodern}
 \usepackage{geometry}
 \usepackage{listings}
-\usepackage{color}
-\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames,svgnames]{xcolor}
+\usepackage{color} % makes custom color codes available.
+\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames,svgnames]{xcolor} % makes custom color codes available.
 \usepackage{graphicx}
-\usepackage[numbers,square,sectionbib,comma,nonamebreak,elide]{natbib}
+\usepackage[numbers,square,sectionbib,comma,nonamebreak,elide]{natbib} % used with layout for bibliography section.
 \usepackage{float}
 \usepackage[english]{babel}
 \usepackage{fancyhdr}
 \usepackage{wrapfig}
 \usepackage{array}
-\usepackage{lipsum}
-\usepackage{fancybox}
+\usepackage{fancybox} % styling of boxes.
 \usepackage{varwidth}
-\usepackage{enumitem}
+\usepackage{enumitem} % makes available changes to lists.
 \usepackage{titlepic}
 \usepackage[nottoc]{tocbibind}
-\usepackage{url}
-\usepackage[showisoZ]{datetime2}
+\usepackage{url} % cmd \url.
+\usepackage[showisoZ]{datetime2} % more options for time formatting.
 \usepackage{transparent}
 \usepackage{soul}
 \usepackage{caption}
-\usepackage{enumitem}
-\usepackage{amssymb}
 \usepackage{tikzsymbols} % http://ctan.math.utah.edu/ctan/tex-archive/graphics/pgf/contrib/tikzsymbols/tikzsymbols.pdf
 \usepackage{textcomp}
 \usepackage{parskip}
@ -34,7 +31,7 @@
 \usepackage{makecell}
 \usepackage{inconsolata} 
 \usepackage{blindtext}
-\usepackage{expdlist} 
+\usepackage{expdlist}
 \usepackage{epigraph} % used to style quotes
 \usepackage{titling} % makes available \thetitle \theauthor \thedate
 \usepackage[toc,acronym,footnote,nomain]{glossaries} % Load the package with the acronym option
@ -47,6 +44,8 @@
    citecolor=darkgray,
    filecolor=darkgray,
    urlcolor=darkgray]{hyperref} % https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Hyperlinks
+\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb} % math things.
+\usepackage{lipsum}


 \renewcommand*{\multicolumntoc}{3} % https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/6455