Moved content of networkmgmt.tex to mgmt.tex
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chapter/mgmt.tex
167
chapter/mgmt.tex
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@ -152,7 +152,172 @@ Other things can go wrong, too. Such as
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\subsection[ERSPAN]{Encapsulated Remote Switch Port Analyzer}
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\chapter[Mgmt]{Management}
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\chapter[Mgmt]{Network Management}
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\section{Triple A\tsq{s}}
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\myquote{}{Remember to log the details, too.}
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\xkcd{latitude}{Remember logging when necessary}
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\newpage
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \textbf{Authentication:}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Identify the user,
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\item Validate the user,
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\item Allow/Disallow user based upon credentials.
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\end{enumerate}
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\item \textbf{Authorization:}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Have defined levels of allowed operations/tasks divided into groups,
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\item Validate user-to-groups relations,
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\item Allow/Disallow user actions.
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\item On network gear the Allow/Disallowed actions can be stored on either the central \gls{aaa} server or locally\footnote{May not apply to all network gear} in the network node.
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\end{enumerate}
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\item \textbf{Accounting:}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Network nodes collect user and session information from start to end when connecting to a node,
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\item All information is transferred back to \gls{aaa} server,
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\item Transferred info can be leveraged for several purposes. Typically logged info is:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item session duration,
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\item user commands,
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\item disallowed commands
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\end{itemize}
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{itemize}
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\bigskip
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\textbf{Obvious} benefits by using the \gls{aaa} is scalability, increased flexibility and granularity of assigned rights, standardization, having failover by using multiple triple a\tsq{s} server\footnote{Cisco devices uses the descending order in which \gls{aaa} servers are configured on the node}.
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\newpage
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\begin{table}[!ht]
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\centering
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\caption{Tacacs+ vs. Radius}
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\label{radiusversustacacsplus}
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\resizebox{\columnwidth}{!}{%
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\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
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\hline
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\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\textbf{Feature}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{RADIUS}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{TACACS+}} \\ \hline
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Developer & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Livington Enterprise\\ (now industry standard)\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Cisco\\ (proprietary)\end{tabular} \\ \hline
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Transport protocol & UDP ports 1812-1813 & TCP port 49 \\ \hline
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\gls{aaa} support & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Combines authentication\\ and authorization and \\ separate accounting\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Uses the \gls{aaa}\\ model and sep-\\ arates all three\\ services\end{tabular} \\ \hline
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Challange response & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}One-way, unidirectional\\ (single challenge response)\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Two-way, bidirec-\\ tional (multiple\\ challenge responses)\end{tabular} \\ \hline
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Security & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Encrypts only the password\\ in the packet\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Encrypt the entire\\ packet body\end{tabular} \\ \hline
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\end{tabular}%
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}
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\end{table}
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\newpage
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\section{RADIUS}
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\fig{radius/radiuscommunication}{radiuscommunication}{Radius handshake and communication}
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\begin{txt}
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radius server DK-RADIUS-SERVER
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address ipv4 radiusserver.example.com auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813
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key unkn0wn!unic@st.|.
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!
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aaa new-model
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aaa group server RADIUS
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server name DK-RADIUS-SERVER
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!
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aaa authentication login radius_list group RADIUS local
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!
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line vty 0-4
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login authentication radius_list
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line vty 5-15
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login authentication radius_list
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\end{txt}
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\newpage
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\section{TACACS+}
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\fig{tacacsplus/tacacspluscommunication}{tacacspluscommunication}{Tacacs plus handshake and communication}
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\begin{txt}
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aaa group server tacacs+ TACACS
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server-private 1.1.1.1 unkn0wn!unicAst
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ip tacacs source-interface Loopback0
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!
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aaa authentication attempts login 1
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aaa authentication login default group TACACS local-case
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aaa authentication login console local-case
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aaa authentication enable default group TACACS enable
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aaa authorization exec default group TACACS local
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aaa authorization commands 0 default group TACACS local
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aaa authorization commands 15 default group TACACS local
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aaa accounting exec default
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action-type start-stop
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group tacacs+
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!
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aaa accounting commands 1 default
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action-type start-stop
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group tacacs+
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!
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aaa accounting commands 2 default
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action-type start-stop
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group tacacs+
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!
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aaa accounting commands 15 default
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action-type start-stop
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group tacacs+
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!
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aaa session-id common
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!
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tacacs-server host 10.21.0.45
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tacacs-server unkn0wn!unicAst
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\end{txt}
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\section{802.1X}
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802.1X deviates from standard \gls{aaa} used in network management by also providing support for:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item user mobility and
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\item user access control by way of governing policies.
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\end{itemize}
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\fig{8021x/8021x}{8021x}{ID Management}
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Based upon the user connecting to the network. They can be given access to
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\begin{itemize}
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\item the resources their group/identity have been assigned or
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\item put into a guest \gls{vlan} if nothing is assigned to them or
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\item simply block the client/user altogether.
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\end{itemize}
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Cisco switches allow by default only the following 3 protos until the client is authenticated: \gls{eapol}, \gls{cdp}, \gls{stp} traffic to pass.
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\begin{itemize}
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\item The \textbf{authenticator\footnote{Network node}} is the edge node/\gls{ap} closest to the client/user. This node controls the clients physical access to the network. The node sends encapsulated \gls{eap} frames to the authentication server by radius for validation.
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\item The \textbf{authentication server}
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\end{itemize}
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\fig{8021X/portauth}{portauth}{802.1X Port Auth}
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802.1X can be enabled on a Cisco switch globally by \cliline{dot1x system-auth-control} and \textit{then} enabled on the switch port{\footnotesize (s)} by \cliline{aaa authentication dot1x}.
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\clearpage
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\subsection*{Enable with Cisco config}
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\begin{txt}
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aaa new-model
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radius server host radiusserver.example.com key .unkown!unicAst.
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aaa group server radius RADIUS-SERVER-DK
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server radiusserver.example.com
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aaa authetication dot1x default group RADIUS-SERVER-DK
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dot1x system-auth-control
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interface GigabitEthernet 0/4
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switchport mode access ! Port must be an access port prior
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dot1x port-control auto ! to enable dot1x on the port
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\end{txt}
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\section[Network Mgmt]{Network Management}
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@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
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\chapter{Net Mgmt}
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\section{Triple A\tsq{s}}
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\myquote{}{Remember to log the details, too.}
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\xkcd{latitude}{Remember logging when necessary}
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\newpage
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \textbf{Authentication:}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Identify the user,
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\item Validate the user,
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\item Allow/Disallow user based upon credentials.
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\end{enumerate}
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\item \textbf{Authorization:}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Have defined levels of allowed operations/tasks divided into groups,
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\item Validate user-to-groups relations,
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\item Allow/Disallow user actions.
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\item On network gear the Allow/Disallowed actions can be stored on either the central \gls{aaa} server or locally\footnote{May not apply to all network gear} in the network node.
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\end{enumerate}
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\item \textbf{Accounting:}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Network nodes collect user and session information from start to end when connecting to a node,
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\item All information is transferred back to \gls{aaa} server,
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\item Transferred info can be leveraged for several purposes. Typically logged info is:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item session duration,
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\item user commands,
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\item disallowed commands
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\end{itemize}
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{itemize}
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\bigskip
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\textbf{Obvious} benefits by using the \gls{aaa} is scalability, increased flexibility and granularity of assigned rights, standardization, having failover by using multiple triple a\tsq{s} server\footnote{Cisco devices uses the descending order in which \gls{aaa} servers are configured on the node}.
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\newpage
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\begin{table}[!ht]
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\centering
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\caption{Tacacs+ vs. Radius}
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\label{radiusversustacacsplus}
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\resizebox{\columnwidth}{!}{%
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\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
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\hline
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\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{\textbf{Feature}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{RADIUS}} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{TACACS+}} \\ \hline
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Developer & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Livington Enterprise\\ (now industry standard)\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Cisco\\ (proprietary)\end{tabular} \\ \hline
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Transport protocol & UDP ports 1812-1813 & TCP port 49 \\ \hline
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\gls{aaa} support & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Combines authentication\\ and authorization and \\ separate accounting\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Uses the \gls{aaa}\\ model and sep-\\ arates all three\\ services\end{tabular} \\ \hline
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Challange response & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}One-way, unidirectional\\ (single challenge response)\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Two-way, bidirec-\\ tional (multiple\\ challenge responses)\end{tabular} \\ \hline
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Security & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Encrypts only the password\\ in the packet\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}Encrypt the entire\\ packet body\end{tabular} \\ \hline
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\end{tabular}%
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}
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\end{table}
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\newpage
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\section{RADIUS}
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\fig{radius/radiuscommunication}{radiuscommunication}{Radius handshake and communication}
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\begin{txt}
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radius server DK-RADIUS-SERVER
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address ipv4 radiusserver.example.com auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813
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key unkn0wn!unic@st.|.
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!
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aaa new-model
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aaa group server RADIUS
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server name DK-RADIUS-SERVER
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!
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aaa authentication login radius_list group RADIUS local
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!
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line vty 0-4
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login authentication radius_list
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line vty 5-15
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login authentication radius_list
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\end{txt}
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\newpage
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\section{TACACS+}
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\fig{tacacsplus/tacacspluscommunication}{tacacspluscommunication}{Tacacs plus handshake and communication}
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\begin{txt}
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aaa group server tacacs+ TACACS
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server-private 1.1.1.1 unkn0wn!unicAst
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ip tacacs source-interface Loopback0
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!
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aaa authentication attempts login 1
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aaa authentication login default group TACACS local-case
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aaa authentication login console local-case
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aaa authentication enable default group TACACS enable
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aaa authorization exec default group TACACS local
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aaa authorization commands 0 default group TACACS local
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aaa authorization commands 15 default group TACACS local
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aaa accounting exec default
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action-type start-stop
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group tacacs+
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!
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aaa accounting commands 1 default
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action-type start-stop
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group tacacs+
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!
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aaa accounting commands 2 default
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action-type start-stop
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group tacacs+
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!
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aaa accounting commands 15 default
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action-type start-stop
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group tacacs+
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!
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aaa session-id common
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!
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tacacs-server host 10.21.0.45
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tacacs-server unkn0wn!unicAst
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\end{txt}
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\section{802.1X}
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802.1X deviates from standard \gls{aaa} used in network management by also providing support for:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item user mobility and
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\item user access control by way of governing policies.
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\end{itemize}
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\fig{8021x/8021x}{8021x}{ID Management}
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Based upon the user connecting to the network. They can be given access to
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\begin{itemize}
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\item the resources their group/identity have been assigned or
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\item put into a guest \gls{vlan} if nothing is assigned to them or
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\item simply block the client/user altogether.
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\end{itemize}
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Cisco switches allow by default only the following 3 protos until the client is authenticated: \gls{eapol}, \gls{cdp}, \gls{stp} traffic to pass.
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\begin{itemize}
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\item The \textbf{authenticator\footnote{Network node}} is the edge node/\gls{ap} closest to the client/user. This node controls the clients physical access to the network. The node sends encapsulated \gls{eap} frames to the authentication server by radius for validation.
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\item The \textbf{authentication server}
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\end{itemize}
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\fig{8021X/portauth}{portauth}{802.1X Port Auth}
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802.1X can be enabled on a Cisco switch globally by \cliline{dot1x system-auth-control} and \textit{then} enabled on the switch port{\footnotesize (s)} by \cliline{aaa authentication dot1x}.
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\clearpage
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\subsection*{Enable with Cisco config}
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\begin{txt}
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aaa new-model
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radius server host radiusserver.example.com key .unkown!unicAst.
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aaa group server radius RADIUS-SERVER-DK
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server radiusserver.example.com
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aaa authetication dot1x default group RADIUS-SERVER-DK
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dot1x system-auth-control
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interface GigabitEthernet 0/4
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switchport mode access ! Port must be an access port prior
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dot1x port-control auto ! to enable dot1x on the port
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\end{txt}
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