parallel: Format replacement string.

Makefile.in

@@ -156,8 +156,8 @@ am__define_uniq_tagged_files = \
     if test -f "$$i"; then echo $$i; else echo $(srcdir)/$$i; fi; \
   done | $(am__uniquify_input)`
 DIST_SUBDIRS = $(SUBDIRS)
-am__DIST_COMMON = $(srcdir)/Makefile.in $(srcdir)/config.h.in COPYING \
+am__DIST_COMMON = $(srcdir)/Makefile.in $(srcdir)/config.h.in NEWS \
-	NEWS README TODO install-sh missing
+	README TODO install-sh missing
 DISTFILES = $(DIST_COMMON) $(DIST_SOURCES) $(TEXINFOS) $(EXTRA_DIST)
 distdir = $(PACKAGE)-$(VERSION)
 top_distdir = $(distdir)

doc/haikus

@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@
  
 Quote of the month:
 
+  Recently executed a flawless live data migration of ~2.4pb using GNU parallel for scale and bash scripts.
+    -- @mechanicker@twitter Dhruva
+
+  by extreme do you mean extremely slow? you could do it at least 100x faster using awk + grep + gnu parallel
+    -- @ObssessedDev@twitter
+
   gnu parallel is amazing
     -- Tarun Agarwal @axrawal
 

doc/release_new_version

@@ -268,34 +268,30 @@ from:tange@gnu.org
 to:parallel@gnu.org, bug-parallel@gnu.org
 stable-bcc: Jesse Alama <jessealama@fastmail.fm>
 
-Subject: GNU Parallel 20240722 ('Assange') released [stable]
+Subject: GNU Parallel 20240822 ('Southport/<<>>') released <<[stable]>>
 
-GNU Parallel 20240722 ('Assange') has been released. It is available for download at: lbry://@GnuParallel:4
+GNU Parallel 20240822 ('<<>>') has been released. It is available for download at: lbry://@GnuParallel:4
 
 Quote of the month:
 
-  parallel is frickin great for launching jobs on multiple
+  <<>>
-  machines. Ansible and Jenkins and others may be good too but I was
-  able to jump right in with parallel.
-    -- dwhite21787@reddit
   
 New in this release:
 
-* No new features. This is a candidate for a stable release.
+<<>>
+<<* No new features. This is a candidate for a stable release.>>
 
 * Bug fixes and man page updates.
 
 News about GNU Parallel:
 
-* Scientific Workflows at Scale using GNU Parallel https://web.cvent.com/event/f318e73c-2230-432a-a044-b75625020543/websitePage:afd80266-008e-414b-9f94-2fd9b4dd1924?session=fe79a785-ec60-414c-8d2b-c29208f53d4c&shareLink=true
+https://contentbase.com/blog/increase-file-transfer-speed-parallel-rsync/
 
-* Use GNU Parallel to render blender movies distributed by a bunch of nodes https://github.com/tfmoraes/blender_gnu_parallel_render
+https://bytefreaks.net/2024/07/27
 
-* Lessons Learned from Scaling to Multi-Terabyte Datasets https://v2thegreat.com/2024/06/19/lessons-learned-from-scaling-to-multi-terabyte-datasets/
+https://medium.com/box-developer-blog/turbocharging-the-box-cli-with-gnu-parallel-ee44c48811c0
 
-* Efisiensi Maksimal: Cara Paralelisasi Perintah di CLI Linux https://medium.com/@nfrozi/efisiensi-maksimal-cara-paralelisasi-perintah-di-cli-linux-f4fda3afe2a0
+<<>>
-
-* Introduction to GNU parallel https://datascience.101workbook.org/06-hpc/06-parallel/01-intro-to-gnu-parallel/#gsc.tab=0
 
 
 GNU Parallel - For people who live life in the parallel lane.

src/env_parallel.ash

@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ _parset_main() {
     fi
     if [ "$_parset_NAME" = "--version" ] ; then
 	# shellcheck disable=SC2006
-	echo "parset 20240722 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
+	echo "parset 20240723 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
 	echo "Copyright (C) 2007-2024 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk and Free Software"
 	echo "Foundation, Inc."
 	echo "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>"

src/env_parallel.bash

@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ _parset_main() {
     fi
     if [ "$_parset_NAME" = "--version" ] ; then
 	# shellcheck disable=SC2006
-	echo "parset 20240722 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
+	echo "parset 20240723 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
 	echo "Copyright (C) 2007-2024 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk and Free Software"
 	echo "Foundation, Inc."
 	echo "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>"

src/env_parallel.dash

@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ _parset_main() {
     fi
     if [ "$_parset_NAME" = "--version" ] ; then
 	# shellcheck disable=SC2006
-	echo "parset 20240722 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
+	echo "parset 20240723 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
 	echo "Copyright (C) 2007-2024 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk and Free Software"
 	echo "Foundation, Inc."
 	echo "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>"

src/env_parallel.ksh

@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ _parset_main() {
     fi
     if [ "$_parset_NAME" = "--version" ] ; then
 	# shellcheck disable=SC2006
-	echo "parset 20240722 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
+	echo "parset 20240723 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
 	echo "Copyright (C) 2007-2024 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk and Free Software"
 	echo "Foundation, Inc."
 	echo "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>"

src/env_parallel.mksh

@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ _parset_main() {
     fi
     if [ "$_parset_NAME" = "--version" ] ; then
 	# shellcheck disable=SC2006
-	echo "parset 20240722 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
+	echo "parset 20240723 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
 	echo "Copyright (C) 2007-2024 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk and Free Software"
 	echo "Foundation, Inc."
 	echo "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>"

src/env_parallel.sh

@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ _parset_main() {
     fi
     if [ "$_parset_NAME" = "--version" ] ; then
 	# shellcheck disable=SC2006
-	echo "parset 20240722 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
+	echo "parset 20240723 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
 	echo "Copyright (C) 2007-2024 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk and Free Software"
 	echo "Foundation, Inc."
 	echo "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>"

src/env_parallel.zsh

@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ _parset_main() {
     fi
     if [ "$_parset_NAME" = "--version" ] ; then
 	# shellcheck disable=SC2006
-	echo "parset 20240722 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
+	echo "parset 20240723 (GNU parallel `parallel --minversion 1`)"
 	echo "Copyright (C) 2007-2024 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk and Free Software"
 	echo "Foundation, Inc."
 	echo "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>"

src/niceload

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 use strict;
 use Getopt::Long;
 $Global::progname="niceload";
-$Global::version = 20240722;
+$Global::version = 20240723;
 Getopt::Long::Configure("bundling","require_order");
 get_options_from_array(\@ARGV) || die_usage();
 if($opt::version) {

src/parallel

@@ -2793,7 +2793,7 @@ sub check_invalid_option_combinations() {
 
 sub init_globals() {
     # Defaults:
-    $Global::version = 20240722;
+    $Global::version = 20240723;
     $Global::progname = 'parallel';
     $::name = "GNU Parallel";
     $Global::infinity = 2**31;
@@ -13282,6 +13282,251 @@ sub skip($) {
 package CommandLineQueue;
 
 sub new($) {
+    sub merge_rpl_parts(@) {
+	# '{=' 'perlexpr' '=}'  => '{= perlexpr =}'
+	# Input:
+	#	@in = the @command as given by the user
+	# Uses:
+	#	$Global::parensleft
+	#	$Global::parensright
+	# Returns:
+	#	@command with parts merged to keep {= and =} as one
+	my @in = @_;
+	my @out;
+	my $l = quotemeta($Global::parensleft);
+	my $r = quotemeta($Global::parensright);
+
+	while(@in) {
+	    my $s = shift @in;
+	    $_ = $s;
+	    # Remove matching (right most) parens
+	    while(s/(.*)$l.*?$r/$1/os) {}
+	    if(/$l/o) {
+		# Missing right parens
+		while(@in) {
+		    $s .= " ".shift @in;
+		    $_ = $s;
+		    while(s/(.*)$l.*?$r/$1/os) {}
+		    if(not /$l/o) {
+			last;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    push @out, $s;
+	}
+	return @out;
+    }
+
+    sub escape_177($) {
+	# Escape \177 => \177\176
+	my $s = shift;
+	$Global::escape_string_present += $s =~ s/\177/\177\176/g;
+	return $s;
+    }
+
+    sub replace_parens($) {
+    	# Needs to match rightmost left parens (Perl defaults to leftmost)
+	# to deal with: {={==} and {={==}=}
+	# Replace {= -> \177<  and  =} -> \177>
+	#
+	# Complex way to do:
+	#   s/{=(.*)=}/\177<$1\177>/g
+	# which would not work
+	my $s = shift;
+	$s =~ s[\Q$Global::parensleft\E # Match {=
+	  # Match . unless the next string is {= or =}
+	  #   needed to force matching the shortest {= =}
+	  ((?:(?! \Q$Global::parensleft\E|\Q$Global::parensright\E ).)*?)
+	  \Q$Global::parensright\E ] # Match =}
+	{\177<$1\177>}gxs;
+	# Now {= perlexpr =} => \177< perlexpr \177>
+	return $s;
+    }
+
+    sub replace_rpl_def($) {
+	my $s = shift;
+	# Replace rpl-definitions with the corresponding perl code
+	for my $rpl (sort { length $b <=> length $a } keys %Global::rpl) {
+	    # Replace long --rpl's before short ones, as a short may be a
+	    # substring of a long:
+	    #	--rpl '% s/a/b/' --rpl '%% s/b/a/'
+	    #
+	    # Replace the shorthand string (--rpl)
+	    # with the {= perl expr =}
+	    #
+	    # Avoid searching for shorthand strings inside existing {= perl expr =}
+	    #
+	    # Replace $$1 in {= perl expr =} with groupings in shorthand string
+	    #
+	    #	parallel --rpl '{/(\.\S+)/(\.\S+)} s/$$1/$$2_REPLACE/g;' echo {/.gz/.lz} ::: UU.tar.gz
+	    #
+	    # {/.gz/.lz} =>
+	    #   \177< $_pAr_gRp1 = ".gz";$_pAr_gRp2 = ".lz";s/${_pAr_gRp1}/${_pAr_gRp2}_REPLACE/g; \177>
+	    # {/.gz/.lz:%8.2s} =>
+	    #   \177< $_pAr_gRp1 = ".gz";$_pAr_gRp2 = ".lz";s/${_pAr_gRp1}/${_pAr_gRp2}_REPLACE/g;; $_ = sprintf("%8.2f",$_); \177>
+	    #
+	    sub replacer_format {
+		my $rpl = shift;
+		my $unchanged = shift;
+		my $position = shift;
+		my $grp_regexp = shift;
+		my $grp_string = shift;
+		my $formatstring = shift;
+
+		$grp_string =~ /^${grp_regexp}$/ or
+		::die_bug("Match failed: '$grp_regexp' on $grp_string");
+		# Dummy entry to start $grp[n] at 1.
+		my @grp = (1);
+		if($] >= 5.010) {
+		    @grp = (1, @{^CAPTURE});
+		} else {
+		    for(my $i = 1; defined $grp[$#grp]; $i++) {
+			push @grp, eval '$'.$i;
+		    }
+		}
+		my $rv = $Global::rpl{$rpl};
+		# replace $$1 with $_pAr_gRp1, $$2 with $_pAr_gRp2
+		# in the code to be executed
+		$rv =~ s/\$\$ (\d+)/\$_pAr_gRp$1/gx;
+		# prepend with $_pAr_gRp1 = perlquote($1),
+		my $set_args = "";
+		for(my $i = 1;defined $grp[$i]; $i++) {
+		    $set_args .= "\$_pAr_gRp$i = \"" .
+			::perl_quote_scalar($grp[$i]) . "\";";
+		}
+		# :%8.2f => %8.2f
+		$formatstring =~ s/^://;
+		my $formatcode = "";
+		if(length $formatstring > 0) {
+		    $formatcode = ";\$_ = sprintf('$formatstring',\$_);";
+		}
+		::debug("rpl","match: $rpl ¤ $unchanged ¤ $position ¤ ".
+			"$grp_regexp ¤ $formatstring\n");
+		return($unchanged . "\177<" . $position . $set_args .
+		       $rv . $formatcode. "\177>");
+	    }
+	    sub replacer_no_format {
+		replacer_format(@_);
+	    }
+	    sub replacer {
+		replacer_format(@_);
+	    }
+	    if($rpl =~ /^\{/) {
+		my ($prefix,$grp_regexp,$postfix) =
+		    # Ignore { and }
+		    $rpl =~ /^ \{ 	       # {
+	 		       ( [^(]* )       # Prefix (no '{' ) - e.g. %%
+			       ( \(.*\) )?     # Group capture regexp - e.g (.*)
+			       ( [^)]* )       # Postfix (no '}' ) - e.g. end
+			       \} $	       # }
+			       /xs;
+		my $format_regexp = ":%.*?";
+		q {
+		    # Regexp using named captures - kept for documentation
+		    # It is easier to understand than the backward compatible version
+		    # Look for: { position prefix group format postfix }
+		    while($s =~
+			  s{(?<unchanged> (?: ^|\177> ) (?: [^\177]*|[\177][^<>] )*?)
+ 			    \{
+ 			    (?<position> -?\d+)?
+ 			    \Q$prefix\E \s*
+ 			    (?<grp>$grp_regexp)
+ 			    \Q$postfix\E
+ 			    (?<format> $format_regexp)
+ 			    \}
+ 			   }
+			   {
+ 			     replacer_format($rpl, $+{unchanged}, $+{position},
+ 			     		     $grp_regexp, $+{grp}, $+{format});
+                           }gsex){};
+		    # Look for: { position prefix group postfix }
+		    while($s =~
+			  s{(?<unchanged> (?: ^|\177> ) (?: [^\177]*|[\177][^<>] )*?)
+  			    \{
+ 			    (?<position> -?\d+)?
+ 			    \Q$prefix\E \s*
+ 			    (?<grp>$grp_regexp)
+ 			    \Q$postfix\E
+ 			    \}
+			   }
+			   {
+				replacer_no_format($rpl, $+{unchanged},
+ 						   $+{position}, $grp_regexp,
+ 						   $+{grp});
+ 			   }gsex){}
+		};
+		{
+		    # This a rewrite of the above to perl 5.8
+		    # (does not use $+{...} which was introduced in 5.010
+		    # Look for: { position prefix group format postfix }
+		    while($s =~
+			  s{( (?: ^|\177> ) (?: [^\177]*|[\177][^<>] )*?)
+  			    \{
+ 			    (-?\d+)?
+ 			    \Q$prefix\E \s*
+ 			    ($grp_regexp)
+ 			    \Q$postfix\E
+ 			    ($format_regexp)
+ 			    \}
+			   }
+			   {
+				replacer_format($rpl, $1, $2,
+ 						      $grp_regexp, $3, $+);
+ 			   }gsex){}
+		    # Look for: { position prefix group postfix }
+		    while($s =~
+			  s{( (?: ^|\177> ) (?: [^\177]*|[\177][^<>] )*?)
+  			    \{
+ 			    (-?\d+)?
+ 			    \Q$prefix\E \s*
+ 			    ($grp_regexp)
+ 			    \Q$postfix\E
+ 			    \}
+  			   }
+			   {
+				replacer_no_format($rpl, $1, $2,
+ 							 $grp_regexp, $3);
+ 			   }gsex){}
+		}
+	    } else {
+		my ($prefix,$grp_regexp,$postfix) =
+		    $rpl =~ /^( [^(]*  )	# Prefix - e.g. {%%
+			    ( \(.*\) )?		# Group capture regexp - e.g (.*)
+			    ( [^)]*  )$		# Postfix - e.g }
+			    /xs;
+		q {
+		    # Regexp using named captures - kept for documentation
+		    # Look for: prefix group postfix
+		    while($s =~
+			  s{(?<unchanged> (?: ^|\177> ) (?: [^\177]*|[\177][^<>] )*?)
+  			    (?<position>)
+ 			    \Q$prefix\E \s*
+ 			    (?<grp>$grp_regexp)
+ 			    \Q$postfix\E
+			   }
+			   {
+				replacer($rpl, $+{unchanged}, $+{position},
+ 					       $grp_regexp, $+{grp});
+ 			   }gsex){};
+		};
+		{
+		    # This a rewrite of the above to perl 5.8
+		    # (does not use $+{...} which was introduced in 5.010
+		    # Look for: prefix group postfix
+		    while($s =~
+			  s{( (?: ^|\177> ) (?: [^\177]*|[\177][^<>] )*?)
+  			    ()
+ 			    \Q$prefix\E \s*
+ 			    ($grp_regexp)
+ 			    \Q$postfix\E
+ 			   }
+			   { replacer($rpl, $1, $2, $grp_regexp, $3); }gsex){};
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	return $s;
+    }
+    
     my $class = shift;
     my $commandref = shift;
     my $read_from = shift;
@@ -13296,6 +13541,7 @@ sub new($) {
     my ($replacecount_ref, $len_ref);
     my @command = @$commandref;
     my $seq = 1;
+
     # Replace replacement strings with {= perl expr =}
     # '{=' 'perlexpr' '=}'  => '{= perlexpr =}'
     @command = merge_rpl_parts(@command);
@@ -13312,103 +13558,11 @@ sub new($) {
 	# Skip if undefined
 	defined($_) or next;
 	# Escape \177 => \177\176
-	$Global::escape_string_present += s/\177/\177\176/g;
+	$_ = escape_177($_);
-	# Needs to match rightmost left parens (Perl defaults to leftmost)
+	# {= perl expr =} => \177< perl expr \177>
-	# to deal with: {={==} and {={==}=}
+	$_ = replace_parens($_);
-	# Replace {= -> \177<  and  =} -> \177>
+	# Replace rpl-definitions with the corresponding perl code
-	#
+	$_ = replace_rpl_def($_);
-	# Complex way to do:
-	#   s/{=(.*)=}/\177<$1\177>/g
-	# which would not work
-	s[\Q$Global::parensleft\E # Match {=
-	  # Match . unless the next string is {= or =}
-	  #   needed to force matching the shortest {= =}
-	  ((?:(?! \Q$Global::parensleft\E|\Q$Global::parensright\E ).)*?)
-	  \Q$Global::parensright\E ] # Match =}
-	{\177<$1\177>}gxs;
-	for my $rpl (sort { length $b <=> length $a } keys %Global::rpl) {
-	    # Replace long --rpl's before short ones, as a short may be a
-	    # substring of a long:
-	    #	--rpl '% s/a/b/' --rpl '%% s/b/a/'
-	    #
-	    # Replace the shorthand string (--rpl)
-	    # with the {= perl expr =}
-	    #
-	    # Avoid searching for shorthand strings inside existing {= perl expr =}
-	    #
-	    # Replace $$1 in {= perl expr =} with groupings in shorthand string
-	    #
-	    #	--rpl '{/(\.\S+)/(\.\S+)} s/$$1/$$2/g;'
-	    #	  echo {/.tar/.gz} ::: UU.tar.gz
-	    my ($prefix,$grp_regexp,$postfix) =
-		$rpl =~ /^( [^(]*  )	# Prefix - e.g. {%%
-			  ( \(.*\) )?	# Group capture regexp - e.g (.*)
-			  ( [^)]*  )$	# Postfix - e.g }
-			/xs;
-	    $grp_regexp ||= '';
-	    my $rplval = $Global::rpl{$rpl};
-	    while(s{( (?: ^|\177> ) (?: [^\177]*|[\177][^<>] )*? )
-		      # Don't replace after \177 unless \177>
-		    \Q$prefix\E $grp_regexp \Q$postfix\E}
-		  {
-		      # The start remains the same
-		      my $unchanged = $1;
-		      # Dummy entry to start at 1.
-		      my @grp = (1);
-		      # $2 = first ()-group in $grp_regexp
-		      # Put $2 in $grp[1], Put $3 in $grp[2]
-		      # so first ()-group in $grp_regexp is $grp[1];
-		      for(my $i = 2; defined $grp[$#grp]; $i++) {
-			  push @grp, eval '$'.$i;
-		      }
-		      my $rv = $rplval;
-		      # replace $$1 with $_pAr_gRp1, $$2 with $_pAr_gRp2
-		      # in the code to be executed
-		      $rv =~ s/\$\$ (\d+)/\$_pAr_gRp$1/gx;
-		      # prepend with $_pAr_gRp1 = perlquote($1),
-		      my $set_args = "";
-		      for(my $i = 1;defined $grp[$i]; $i++) {
-			  $set_args .= "\$_pAr_gRp$i = \"" .
-			      ::perl_quote_scalar($grp[$i]) . "\";";
-		      }
-		      $unchanged . "\177<" . $set_args . $rv . "\177>"
-		  }gxes) {
-	    }
-	    # Do the same for the positional replacement strings
-	    $posrpl = $rpl;
-	    if($posrpl =~ s/^\{//) {
-		# Only do this if the shorthand start with {
-		$prefix=~s/^\{//;
-		# Don't replace after \177 unless \177>
-		while(s{( (?: ^|\177> ) (?: [^\177]*|[\177][^<>] )*? )
-		  \{(-?\d+) \s* \Q$prefix\E $grp_regexp \Q$postfix\E}
-		      {
-		      # The start remains the same
-		      my $unchanged = $1;
-		      my $position = $2;
-		      # Dummy entry to start at 1.
-		      my @grp = (1);
-		      # $3 = first ()-group in $grp_regexp
-		      # Put $3 in $grp[1], Put $4 in $grp[2]
-		      # so first ()-group in $grp_regexp is $grp[1];
-		      for(my $i = 3; defined $grp[$#grp]; $i++) {
-			  push @grp, eval '$'.$i;
-		      }
-		      my $rv = $rplval;
-		      # replace $$1 with $_pAr_gRp1, $$2 with $_pAr_gRp2
-		      # in the code to be executed
-		      $rv =~ s/\$\$ (\d+)/\$_pAr_gRp$1/gx;
-		      # prepend with $_pAr_gRp1 = perlquote($1),
-		      my $set_args = "";
-		      for(my $i = 1;defined $grp[$i]; $i++) {
-			  $set_args .= "\$_pAr_gRp$i = \"" .
-			      ::perl_quote_scalar($grp[$i]) . "\";";
-		      }
-		      $unchanged . "\177<" . $position . $set_args . $rv . "\177>"
-		  }gxes) {
-		}
-	    }
-	}
     }
     # Add {} if no replacement strings in @command
     ($replacecount_ref, $len_ref, @command) =
@@ -13445,40 +13599,7 @@ sub new($) {
     }, ref($class) || $class;
 }
 
-sub merge_rpl_parts($) {
-    # '{=' 'perlexpr' '=}'  => '{= perlexpr =}'
-    # Input:
-    #	@in = the @command as given by the user
-    # Uses:
-    #	$Global::parensleft
-    #	$Global::parensright
-    # Returns:
-    #	@command with parts merged to keep {= and =} as one
-    my @in = @_;
-    my @out;
-    my $l = quotemeta($Global::parensleft);
-    my $r = quotemeta($Global::parensright);
 
-    while(@in) {
-	my $s = shift @in;
-	$_ = $s;
-	# Remove matching (right most) parens
-	while(s/(.*)$l.*?$r/$1/os) {}
-	if(/$l/o) {
-	    # Missing right parens
-	    while(@in) {
-		$s .= " ".shift @in;
-		$_ = $s;
-		while(s/(.*)$l.*?$r/$1/os) {}
-		if(not /$l/o) {
-		    last;
-		}
-	    }
-	}
-	push @out, $s;
-    }
-    return @out;
-}
 
 sub replacement_counts_and_lengths($$@) {
     # Count the number of different replacement strings.

src/parallel.pod

@@ -447,6 +447,27 @@ To understand positional replacement strings see B<{>I<n>B<}>.
 See also: B<{=>I<perl expression>B<=}> B<{>I<n>B<}>
 
 
+=item B{I<rpl>:I<format>} (alpha testing)
+
+Format replacement string.
+
+Use I<format> to format I<rpl>. I<format> is a format string used in
+B<printf>. I<rpl> is a replacement string.
+
+Examples:
+
+  {#:%04d} - Job number ({#}) with 4 digits prepended with 0
+  {%:%02d} - Job slot ({%}) with 2 digits prepended with 0
+  {:%6s} - Input line ({}) right aligned 6 chars wide
+  {/:%12s} - Basename ({/}) right aligned 12 chars wide
+  {2:%8.2f} - Second input source ({2}) 8 chars wide, 2 decimals
+
+Format strings also works on replacement strings defined via B<--rpl>
+that start with '{'.
+
+See also: B<{}> B<{>I<n>B<}> B<--rpl>
+
+
 =item B<:::> I<arguments>
 
 Use arguments on the command line as input source.

src/parallel_alternatives.pod

@@ -788,8 +788,10 @@ mixes. Combined with B<paexec_reorder> output order can be the same as
 input order. In certain situations B<paexec> will eat the last newline
 of standard output.
 
-There seems to be no way to make 4 jobs run on a remote server with 4
+There seems to be no way to have the number og jobs depend on the
-cores and 16 jobs on a remote server with 16 cores.
+number of CPU threads in a mixed server setup: E.g run 4 jobs on a
+remote server with 4 cores and 16 jobs on a remote server with 16
+cores.
 
 
 =head3 EXAMPLES FROM man paexec
@@ -1504,10 +1506,67 @@ user uses Rust parallel it will overwrite this file.
 If /tmp/parallel runs full during the run, Rust parallel does not
 report this, but finishes with success - thereby risking data loss.
 
+
 https://github.com/mmstick/parallel
 (Last checked: 2016-08)
 
 
+=head2 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN parallelion AND GNU Parallel
+
+Summary (see legend above):
+
+=over
+
+=item - (I2) - I4 - - -
+
+=item M1 - M3 - - M6
+
+=item - O2 O3 - O5 (O6) - x x
+
+=item E1 - - (E4) E5 - - E8 ?
+
+=item - - - - - - - - -
+
+=item - -
+
+=back
+
+I2: I was unable to cannot get B<parallelion> to read from a file.
+
+O6: There is extra output if a job fails.
+
+E4: The default number of parallel jobs is the number of cpu threads.
+
+-- is needed to force args not be parsed as options:
+
+  parallelion 'echo {}' -- Runs without -v
+
+  parallelion 'echo {}' Runs with -v
+
+The commands are run through B<ion> shell.
+
+Ctrl-C does not stop processing.
+
+The B<--log> is similar to syslog - not a table.
+
+The progressbar is nice.
+
+B<parallelion> is fast: 0.1 ms/job. Similar to B<parallel-bash>.
+
+=head3 EXAMPLES FROM parallelion
+
+  1$ parallelion -progress 'echo {}' {1..1000}
+
+  1$ parallel --bar echo {} ::: {1..1000}
+
+  2$ parallelion -progress 'echo {}' $(seq 1 999)
+
+  2$ seq 1 999 | parallel --bar echo
+
+https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/parallel
+(Last checked: 2024-08)
+
+
 =head2 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN Rush AND GNU Parallel
 
 B<rush> (https://github.com/shenwei356/rush) is written in Go and
@@ -1972,6 +2031,8 @@ https://github.com/gdm85/coshell
 
 =head2 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN spread AND GNU Parallel
 
+Summary (see legend above):
+
 =over
 
 =item - - - I4 - - I7
@@ -3591,7 +3652,7 @@ not, all the long jobs may end up in the same queue, so you may see:
       time parallel -P4 sleep {}
   (7 seconds)
   $ printf "%b\n" 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 |
-      time ./parallel-bash.bash -p 4 -c sleep {}
+      time parallel-bash -p 4 -c sleep {}
   (12 seconds)
 
 Because it uses bash lists, the total number of jobs is limited to

src/parsort

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ GetOptions(
     "help" => \$opt::dummy,
     ) || exit(255);
 $Global::progname = ($0 =~ m:(^|/)([^/]+)$:)[1];
-$Global::version = 20240722;
+$Global::version = 20240723;
 if($opt::version) { version(); exit 0; }
 # Remove -D and --parallel=N
 my @s = (grep { ! /^-D$|^--parallel=\S+$/ }

src/sql

@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ $Global::Initfile && unlink $Global::Initfile;
 exit ($err);
 
 sub parse_options {
-    $Global::version = 20240722;
+    $Global::version = 20240723;
     $Global::progname = 'sql';
 
     # This must be done first as this may exec myself

testsuite/REQUIREMENTS

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ install_oracle_client() {
 	echo 'export ORACLE_SID=XE' >> ~/.bashrc
     fi
     # libaio
-    sudo apt install libaio1t64
+    sudo apt install libaio1 || sudo apt install libaio1t64
     sudo ln -s libaio.so.1t64 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libaio.so.1
     perl -MCPAN -e 'install DBD::Oracle'
     # TODO set up vagrant oracle server
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ install_oracle_client() {
     (
 	cd vagrant-projects/OracleDatabase/23.4.0-Free
 	echo export VM_ORACLE_PWD=`goodpasswd` >> ~/.passwords
+	echo export 'ORACLE_PWD=$VM_ORACLE_PWD' >> ~/.passwords
 	. ~/.passwords
 	vagrant up
     )

testsuite/tests-to-run/parallel-local-3s.sh

@@ -8,6 +8,30 @@
 # Each should be taking 3-10s and be possible to run in parallel
 # I.e.: No race conditions, no logins
 
+par_format_string() {
+    echo Format string + {}
+    parallel echo 12.346 98.765 == {:%.3f} ::: 12.34567 ::: 98.76543
+    echo Format string + {.}
+    parallel echo 12.000 98.000 == {.:%.3f} ::: 12.34567 ::: 98.76543
+    echo Format string + {2}
+    parallel echo 98.765 == {2:%.3f} ::: 12.34567 ::: 98.76543
+    echo Format string + {2.}
+    parallel echo 98.000 == {2.:%.3f} ::: 12.34567 ::: 98.76543
+    echo Format string + {2.}{}
+    parallel echo 98.00012.34567 98.76543 == {2.:%.3f}{} ::: 12.34567 ::: 98.76543
+    echo Dynamic replacement strings
+    echo {dyn} + format
+    parallel --rpl '{/(\d)/(.*)} s/$$1/$$2/g;' echo 12.44 98.77 == {/3/44:%8.2f}  ::: 12.34567 ::: 98.76543
+    echo {Positional dyn} + format
+    parallel --rpl '{/(\d)/(.*)} s/$$1/$$2/g;' echo 12.44 98.77 98.765 == {/3/44:%8.2f} {2:%.3f} ::: 12.34567 ::: 98.76543
+    echo {dyn__postfix}
+    parallel --rpl '{/(\d)/(.*)__} s/$$1/$$2/g;' echo 12.444567 98.765444 == {/3/44__}  ::: 12.34567 ::: 98.76543
+    echo {dyn__postfix} + format
+    parallel --rpl '{/(\d)/(.*)__} s/$$1/$$2/g;' echo 00012.44 == {/3/44__:%08.2f}  ::: 12.34567
+    echo dyn without {}
+    parallel --rpl '/(\d)/(.*)} s/$$1/$$2/g;' echo 12.444567 98.765444 == /3/44}  ::: 12.34567 ::: 98.76543
+}
+
  par_pty() {
     parallel 'echo {} > {}' ::: 1 2 3
     echo 1 > files 

testsuite/tests-to-run/parallel-local-mem.sh

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
+# On a 64G machine this uses 24G RAM + 5 min
+
 make stopvm >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
 TMPDIR=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}
 mkdir -p $TMPDIR

testsuite/wanted-results/parallel-local-3s

@@ -781,6 +781,27 @@ par_eta	
par_eta	ETA: 0s Left: 0 AVG: 0.00s  local:0/0/0%/0.0s 
 par_exitval_signal	### Test --joblog with exitval and Test --joblog with signal -- timing dependent
 par_exitval_signal	exitval=128+6 OK
 par_exitval_signal	signal OK
+par_format_string	Format string + {}
+par_format_string	12.346 98.765 == 12.346 98.765
+par_format_string	Format string + {.}
+par_format_string	12.000 98.000 == 12.000 98.000
+par_format_string	Format string + {2}
+par_format_string	98.765 == 98.765
+par_format_string	Format string + {2.}
+par_format_string	98.000 == 98.000
+par_format_string	Format string + {2.}{}
+par_format_string	98.00012.34567 98.76543 == 98.00012.34567 98.76543
+par_format_string	Dynamic replacement strings
+par_format_string	{dyn} + format
+par_format_string	12.44 98.77 ==    12.44    98.77
+par_format_string	{Positional dyn} + format
+par_format_string	12.44 98.77 98.765 ==    12.44    98.77 98.765
+par_format_string	{dyn__postfix}
+par_format_string	12.444567 98.765444 == 12.444567 98.765444
+par_format_string	{dyn__postfix} + format
+par_format_string	00012.44 == 00012.44
+par_format_string	dyn without {}
+par_format_string	12.444567 98.765444 == 12.444567 98.765444
 par_jobslot_repl	bug #46232: {%} with --bar/--eta/--shuf or --halt xx% broken
 par_jobslot_repl	1
 par_jobslot_repl	2