diff --git a/doc/release_new_version b/doc/release_new_version
index 9dc5d55d..ead460a1 100644
--- a/doc/release_new_version
+++ b/doc/release_new_version
@@ -222,6 +222,9 @@ Quote of the month:
 
 New in this release:
 
+* {= uq() =} will cause the replacement string to be unquoted. Example: parallel echo '{=uq()=}.jpg' ::: '*'
+
+https://techieroop.com/how-to-run-multiple-bash-scripts-in-parallel/
 
 * Bug fixes and man page updates.
 
diff --git a/src/parallel b/src/parallel
index f993e58a..1f607446 100755
--- a/src/parallel
+++ b/src/parallel
@@ -5940,7 +5940,7 @@ sub memfree_recompute() {
     # Run the script twice if it gives 0 (typically intermittent error)
     $self->{'memfree'} = ::qqx($script) || ::qqx($script);
     if(not $self->{'memfree'}) {
-	::die_bug("Less than 1 byte free");
+	::die_bug("Less than 1 byte memory free");
     }
     #::debug("mem","New free:",$self->{'memfree'}," ");
 }
@@ -6970,53 +6970,75 @@ sub socket_core_thread() {
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads = number of taskset limited cores
     #   }
     my $cpu;
-
+    my $cached_cpuspec = $Global::cache_dir . "/tmp/sshlogin/" .
+	::hostname() . "/cpuspec";
+    if(-e $cached_cpuspec and -M $cached_cpuspec < 1) {
+	# Reading cached copy instead of /proc/cpuinfo is 17 ms faster
+	if(open(my $in_fh, "<", $cached_cpuspec)) {
+	    ::debug("init","Read $cached_cpuspec");
+	    $cpu->{'sockets'} = int(<$in_fh>);
+	    $cpu->{'cores'} = int(<$in_fh>);
+	    $cpu->{'threads'} = int(<$in_fh>);
+	    close $in_fh;
+	}
+    }
     if ($^O eq 'linux') {
-	$cpu = sct_gnu_linux();
+	$cpu = sct_gnu_linux($cpu);
     } elsif ($^O eq 'android') {
-        $cpu = sct_android();
+	$cpu = sct_android($cpu);
     } elsif ($^O eq 'freebsd') {
-        $cpu = sct_freebsd();
+	$cpu = sct_freebsd($cpu);
     } elsif ($^O eq 'netbsd') {
-        $cpu = sct_netbsd();
+	$cpu = sct_netbsd($cpu);
     } elsif ($^O eq 'openbsd') {
-        $cpu = sct_openbsd();
+	$cpu = sct_openbsd($cpu);
     } elsif ($^O eq 'gnu') {
-        $cpu = sct_hurd();
+	$cpu = sct_hurd($cpu);
     } elsif ($^O eq 'darwin') {
-	$cpu = sct_darwin();
+	$cpu = sct_darwin($cpu);
     } elsif ($^O eq 'solaris') {
-        $cpu = sct_solaris();
+	$cpu = sct_solaris($cpu);
     } elsif ($^O eq 'aix') {
-        $cpu = sct_aix();
+	$cpu = sct_aix($cpu);
     } elsif ($^O eq 'hpux') {
-        $cpu = sct_hpux();
+	$cpu = sct_hpux($cpu);
     } elsif ($^O eq 'nto') {
-        $cpu = sct_qnx();
+	$cpu = sct_qnx($cpu);
     } elsif ($^O eq 'svr5') {
-        $cpu = sct_openserver();
+	$cpu = sct_openserver($cpu);
     } elsif ($^O eq 'irix') {
-        $cpu = sct_irix();
+	$cpu = sct_irix($cpu);
     } elsif ($^O eq 'dec_osf') {
-        $cpu = sct_tru64();
+	$cpu = sct_tru64($cpu);
     } else {
 	# Try all methods until we find something that works
-	$cpu = (sct_gnu_linux()
-		|| sct_android()
-		|| sct_freebsd()
-		|| sct_netbsd()
-		|| sct_openbsd()
-		|| sct_hurd()
-		|| sct_darwin()
-		|| sct_solaris()
-		|| sct_aix()
-		|| sct_hpux()
-		|| sct_qnx()
-		|| sct_openserver()
-		|| sct_irix()
-		|| sct_tru64()
+	$cpu = (sct_gnu_linux($cpu)
+		|| sct_android($cpu)
+		|| sct_freebsd($cpu)
+		|| sct_netbsd($cpu)
+		|| sct_openbsd($cpu)
+		|| sct_hurd($cpu)
+		|| sct_darwin($cpu)
+		|| sct_solaris($cpu)
+		|| sct_aix($cpu)
+		|| sct_hpux($cpu)
+		|| sct_qnx($cpu)
+		|| sct_openserver($cpu)
+		|| sct_irix($cpu)
+		|| sct_tru64($cpu)
 	    );
     }
+    if(not grep { $_ > 0 } values %$cpu) {
+	$cpu = undef;
+    }
+    # Write cached copy instead of /proc/cpuinfo is 17 ms faster
+    if($cpu and open(my $out_fh, ">", $cached_cpuspec)) {
+	print $out_fh (map { chomp; "$_\n" }
+		       $cpu->{'sockets'},
+		       $cpu->{'cores'},
+		       $cpu->{'threads'});
+	close $out_fh;
+    }
     if(not $cpu) {
 	my $nproc = nproc();
 	if($nproc) {
@@ -7035,7 +7057,13 @@ sub socket_core_thread() {
 	    $cpu->{'active'} =
 	    1
     }
-
+    $cpu->{'sockets'} ||= 1;
+    $cpu->{'threads'} ||= $cpu->{'cores'};
+    $cpu->{'active'} ||= $cpu->{'threads'};
+    chomp($cpu->{'sockets'},
+	  $cpu->{'cores'},
+	  $cpu->{'threads'},
+	  $cpu->{'active'});
     # Choose minimum of active and actual
     my $mincpu;
     $mincpu->{'sockets'} = ::min($cpu->{'sockets'},$cpu->{'active'});
@@ -7044,33 +7072,35 @@ sub socket_core_thread() {
     return $mincpu;
 }
 
-sub sct_gnu_linux() {
+sub sct_gnu_linux($) {
     # Returns:
     #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
     #     'cores' => #cores
     #     'threads' => #threads
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
-    my $cpu;
+    my $cpu = shift;
     local $/ = "\n"; # If delimiter is set, then $/ will be wrong
-    if($ENV{'PARALLEL_CPUINFO'} or -e "/proc/cpuinfo") {
+    my @cpuinfo;
+    if($ENV{'PARALLEL_CPUINFO'}) {
+	# Use CPUINFO from environment - used for testing only
+	@cpuinfo = split/(?<=\n)/,$ENV{'PARALLEL_CPUINFO'};
+    } elsif($cpu->{'sockets'} and $cpu->{'cores'} and
+	    $cpu->{'threads'}) {
+	# Skip /proc/cpuinfo - already set
+    } elsif(open(my $in_fh, "<", "/proc/cpuinfo")) {
+	# Read /proc/cpuinfo
+	@cpuinfo = <$in_fh>;
+    }
+    if(@cpuinfo) {
 	$cpu->{'sockets'} = 0;
 	$cpu->{'cores'} = 0;
 	$cpu->{'threads'} = 0;
 	my %seen;
 	my %phy_seen;
-	my @cpuinfo;
 	my $physicalid;
-	if(open(my $in_fh, "<", "/proc/cpuinfo")) {
-	    @cpuinfo = <$in_fh>;
-	    close $in_fh;
-	}
-	if($ENV{'PARALLEL_CPUINFO'}) {
-	    # Use CPUINFO from environment - used for testing only
-	    @cpuinfo = split/(?<=\n)/,$ENV{'PARALLEL_CPUINFO'};
-	}
 	for(@cpuinfo) {
 	    if(/^physical id.*[:](.*)/) {
-		$physicalid=$1;
+		$physicalid = $1;
 		if(not $phy_seen{$1}++) {
 		    $cpu->{'sockets'}++;
 		}
@@ -7080,8 +7110,7 @@ sub sct_gnu_linux() {
 	    }
 	    /^processor.*[:]/i and $cpu->{'threads'}++;
 	}
-	$cpu->{'sockets'} ||= 1;
-	$cpu->{'cores'} ||= $cpu->{'threads'};
+	$cpu->{'cores'} ||= $cpu->{'threads'} || $cpu->{'sockets'};
     }
     if(-e "/proc/self/status" and not $ENV{'PARALLEL_CPUINFO'}) {
 	# if 'taskset' is used to limit number of threads
@@ -7096,326 +7125,231 @@ sub sct_gnu_linux() {
 	    close $in_fh;
 	}
     }
-    if(grep { /\d/ } values %$cpu) {
-	return $cpu;
-    } else {
-	return undef;
-    }
+    return $cpu;
 }
 
-sub sct_android() {
+sub sct_android($) {
     # Returns:
     #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
     #     'cores' => #cores
     #     'threads' => #threads
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
     # Use GNU/Linux
-    return sct_gnu_linux();
+    return sct_gnu_linux(@_);
 }
 
-sub sct_freebsd() {
+sub sct_freebsd($) {
     # Returns:
     #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
     #     'cores' => #cores
     #     'threads' => #threads
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
     local $/ = "\n";
-    my $cpu;
-    $cpu->{'cores'} = (::qqx(qq{ sysctl -a dev.cpu | grep \%parent | awk '{ print \$2 }' | uniq | wc -l | awk '{ print \$1 }' })
+    my $cpu = shift;
+    $cpu->{'cores'} ||=
+	(::qqx(qq{ sysctl -a dev.cpu | grep \%parent | awk '{ print \$2 }' | uniq | wc -l | awk '{ print \$1 }' })
 	 or
 	 ::qqx(qq{ sysctl hw.ncpu | awk '{ print \$2 }' }));
-    $cpu->{'cores'} and chomp $cpu->{'cores'};
-    $cpu->{'threads'} =
+    $cpu->{'threads'} ||=
 	(::qqx(qq{ sysctl hw.ncpu | awk '{ print \$2 }' })
 	 or
 	 ::qqx(qq{ sysctl -a dev.cpu | grep \%parent | awk '{ print \$2 }' | uniq | wc -l | awk '{ print \$1 }' }));
-    $cpu->{'threads'} and chomp $cpu->{'threads'};
-    $cpu->{'sockets'} ||= $cpu->{'cores'};
-
-    if(grep { /\d/ } values %$cpu) {
-	return $cpu;
-    } else {
-	return undef;
-    }
+    return $cpu;
 }
 
-sub sct_netbsd() {
+sub sct_netbsd($) {
     # Returns:
     #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
     #     'cores' => #cores
     #     'threads' => #threads
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
     local $/ = "\n";
-    my $cpu;
-    $cpu->{'cores'} = ::qqx("sysctl -n hw.ncpu");
-    $cpu->{'cores'} and chomp $cpu->{'cores'};
-    $cpu->{'threads'} = ::qqx("sysctl -n hw.ncpu");
-    $cpu->{'threads'} and chomp $cpu->{'threads'};
-    $cpu->{'sockets'} ||= $cpu->{'cores'};
-
-    if(grep { /\d/ } values %$cpu) {
-	return $cpu;
-    } else {
-	return undef;
-    }
+    my $cpu = shift;
+    $cpu->{'cores'} ||= ::qqx("sysctl -n hw.ncpu");
+    return $cpu;
 }
 
-sub sct_openbsd() {
+sub sct_openbsd($) {
     # Returns:
     #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
     #     'cores' => #cores
     #     'threads' => #threads
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
     local $/ = "\n";
-    my $cpu;
-    $cpu->{'cores'} = ::qqx('sysctl -n hw.ncpu');
-    $cpu->{'cores'} and chomp $cpu->{'cores'};
-    $cpu->{'threads'} = ::qqx('sysctl -n hw.ncpu');
-    $cpu->{'threads'} and chomp $cpu->{'threads'};
-    $cpu->{'sockets'} ||= $cpu->{'cores'};
-
-    if(grep { /\d/ } values %$cpu) {
-	return $cpu;
-    } else {
-	return undef;
-    }
+    my $cpu = shift;
+    $cpu->{'cores'} ||= ::qqx('sysctl -n hw.ncpu');
+    return $cpu;
 }
 
-sub sct_hurd() {
+sub sct_hurd($) {
     # Returns:
     #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
     #     'cores' => #cores
     #     'threads' => #threads
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
     local $/ = "\n";
-    my $cpu;
-    $cpu->{'cores'} = ::qqx("nproc");
-    $cpu->{'cores'} and chomp $cpu->{'cores'};
-    $cpu->{'threads'} = ::qqx("nproc");
-    $cpu->{'threads'} and chomp $cpu->{'threads'};
-
-    if(grep { /\d/ } values %$cpu) {
-	return $cpu;
-    } else {
-	return undef;
-    }
+    my $cpu = shift;
+    $cpu->{'cores'} ||= ::qqx("nproc");
+    return $cpu;
 }
 
-sub sct_darwin() {
+sub sct_darwin($) {
     # Returns:
     #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
     #     'cores' => #cores
     #     'threads' => #threads
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
     local $/ = "\n";
-    my $cpu;
-    $cpu->{'cores'} =
+    my $cpu = shift;
+    $cpu->{'cores'} ||=
 	(::qqx('sysctl -n hw.physicalcpu')
 	 or
 	 ::qqx(qq{ sysctl -a hw | grep [^a-z]physicalcpu[^a-z] | awk '{ print \$2 }' }));
-    $cpu->{'cores'} and chomp $cpu->{'cores'};
-    $cpu->{'threads'} =
+    $cpu->{'threads'} ||=
 	(::qqx('sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu')
 	 or
 	 ::qqx(qq{ sysctl -a hw | grep [^a-z]logicalcpu[^a-z] | awk '{ print \$2 }' }));
-    $cpu->{'threads'} and chomp $cpu->{'threads'};
-    $cpu->{'sockets'} ||= $cpu->{'cores'};
-
-    if(grep { /\d/ } values %$cpu) {
-	return $cpu;
-    } else {
-	return undef;
-    }
+    return $cpu;
 }
 
-sub sct_solaris() {
+sub sct_solaris($) {
     # Returns:
     #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
     #     'cores' => #cores
     #     'threads' => #threads
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
     local $/ = "\n";
-    my $cpu;
-    if(-x "/usr/sbin/psrinfo") {
-        my @psrinfo = ::qqx("/usr/sbin/psrinfo");
-        if($#psrinfo >= 0) {
-            $cpu->{'cores'} = $#psrinfo +1;
-        }
-    }
-    if(-x "/usr/sbin/prtconf") {
-        my @prtconf = ::qqx("/usr/sbin/prtconf | grep cpu..instance");
-        if($#prtconf >= 0) {
-            $cpu->{'cores'} = $#prtconf +1;
-        }
-    }
-    if(-x "/usr/sbin/prtconf") {
-        my @prtconf = ::qqx("/usr/sbin/prtconf | grep cpu..instance");
-        if($#prtconf >= 0) {
-            $cpu->{'cores'} = $#prtconf +1;
-        }
-    }
-    $cpu->{'cores'} and chomp $cpu->{'cores'};
-
-    if(-x "/usr/sbin/psrinfo") {
-        my @psrinfo = ::qqx("/usr/sbin/psrinfo");
-        if($#psrinfo >= 0) {
-            $cpu->{'threads'} = $#psrinfo +1;
-        }
-    }
-    if(-x "/usr/sbin/prtconf") {
-        my @prtconf = ::qqx("/usr/sbin/prtconf | grep cpu..instance");
-        if($#prtconf >= 0) {
-            $cpu->{'threads'} = $#prtconf +1;
-        }
-    }
-    $cpu->{'threads'} and chomp $cpu->{'threads'};
-
-    if(grep { /\d/ } values %$cpu) {
-	return $cpu;
-    } else {
-	return undef;
-    }
-}
-
-sub sct_aix() {
-    # Returns:
-    #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
-    #     'cores' => #cores
-    #     'threads' => #threads
-    #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
-    local $/ = "\n";
-    my $cpu;
-    if(-x "/usr/sbin/lscfg") {
-	if(open(my $in_fh, "-|", "/usr/sbin/lscfg -vs |grep proc | wc -l|tr -d ' '")) {
-	    $cpu->{'cores'} = <$in_fh>;
-	    chomp ($cpu->{'cores'});
-	    close $in_fh;
-	}
-    }
-    if(-x "/usr/bin/vmstat") {
-	if(open(my $in_fh, "-|", "/usr/bin/vmstat 1 1")) {
-	    while(<$in_fh>) {
-		/lcpu=([0-9]*) / and $cpu->{'threads'} = $1;
+    my $cpu = shift;
+    if(not $cpu->{'cores'}) {
+	if(-x "/usr/bin/kstat") {
+	    my @chip_id = ::qqx("/usr/bin/kstat cpu_info|grep chip_id");
+	    if($#chip_id >= 0) {
+		$cpu->{'sockets'} ||= $#chip_id +1;
+	    }
+	    my @core_id = ::qqx("/usr/bin/kstat -m cpu_info|grep -w core_id|uniq");
+	    if($#core_id >= 0) {
+		$cpu->{'cores'} ||= $#core_id +1;
+	    }
+	}
+	if(-x "/usr/sbin/psrinfo") {
+	    my @psrinfo = ::qqx("/usr/sbin/psrinfo -p");
+	    if($#psrinfo >= 0) {
+		$cpu->{'sockets'} ||= $psrinfo[0];
+	    }
+	}
+	if(-x "/usr/sbin/prtconf") {
+	    my @prtconf = ::qqx("/usr/sbin/prtconf | grep cpu..instance");
+	    if($#prtconf >= 0) {
+		$cpu->{'cores'} ||= $#prtconf +1;
 	    }
-	    close $in_fh;
 	}
     }
-
-    if(grep { /\d/ } values %$cpu) {
-	# BUG It is not not known how to calculate this
-	$cpu->{'sockets'} = 1;
-	return $cpu;
-    } else {
-	return undef;
-    }
+    return $cpu;
 }
 
-sub sct_hpux() {
+sub sct_aix($) {
     # Returns:
     #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
     #     'cores' => #cores
     #     'threads' => #threads
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
     local $/ = "\n";
-    my $cpu;
-    $cpu->{'cores'} =
+    my $cpu = shift;
+    if(not $cpu->{'cores'}) {
+	if(-x "/usr/sbin/lscfg") {
+	    if(open(my $in_fh, "-|", "/usr/sbin/lscfg -vs |grep proc | wc -l|tr -d ' '")) {
+		$cpu->{'cores'} = <$in_fh>;
+		close $in_fh;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    if(not $cpu->{'threads'}) {
+	if(-x "/usr/bin/vmstat") {
+	    if(open(my $in_fh, "-|", "/usr/bin/vmstat 1 1")) {
+		while(<$in_fh>) {
+		    /lcpu=([0-9]*) / and $cpu->{'threads'} = $1;
+		}
+		close $in_fh;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return $cpu;
+}
+
+sub sct_hpux($) {
+    # Returns:
+    #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
+    #     'cores' => #cores
+    #     'threads' => #threads
+    #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
+    local $/ = "\n";
+    my $cpu = shift;
+    $cpu->{'cores'} ||=
         ::qqx(qq{ /usr/bin/mpsched -s 2>&1 | grep 'Locality Domain Count' | awk '{ print \$4 }'});
-    chomp($cpu->{'cores'});
-    $cpu->{'threads'} =
+    $cpu->{'threads'} ||=
         ::qqx(qq{ /usr/bin/mpsched -s 2>&1 | perl -ne '/Processor Count\\D+(\\d+)/ and print "\$1"'});
-
-    if(grep { /\d/ } values %$cpu) {
-	# BUG It is not not known how to calculate this
-	$cpu->{'sockets'} = 1;
-	return $cpu;
-    } else {
-	return undef;
-    }
+    return $cpu;
 }
 
-sub sct_qnx() {
+sub sct_qnx($) {
     # Returns:
     #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
     #     'cores' => #cores
     #     'threads' => #threads
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
     local $/ = "\n";
-    my $cpu;
+    my $cpu = shift;
     # BUG: It is not known how to calculate this.
 
-    if(grep { /\d/ } values %$cpu) {
-	return $cpu;
-    } else {
-	return undef;
-    }
+    return $cpu;
 }
 
-sub sct_openserver() {
+sub sct_openserver($) {
     # Returns:
     #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
     #     'cores' => #cores
     #     'threads' => #threads
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
     local $/ = "\n";
-    my $cpu;
-    if(-x "/usr/sbin/psrinfo") {
-        my @psrinfo = ::qqx("/usr/sbin/psrinfo");
-        if($#psrinfo >= 0) {
-            $cpu->{'cores'} = $#psrinfo +1;
-        }
-    }
-    if(-x "/usr/sbin/psrinfo") {
-        my @psrinfo = ::qqx("/usr/sbin/psrinfo");
-        if($#psrinfo >= 0) {
-            $cpu->{'threads'} = $#psrinfo +1;
-        }
+    my $cpu = shift;
+    if(not $cpu->{'cores'}) {
+	if(-x "/usr/sbin/psrinfo") {
+	    my @psrinfo = ::qqx("/usr/sbin/psrinfo");
+	    if($#psrinfo >= 0) {
+		$cpu->{'cores'} = $#psrinfo +1;
+	    }
+	}
     }
     $cpu->{'sockets'} ||= $cpu->{'cores'};
-
-    if(grep { /\d/ } values %$cpu) {
-	return $cpu;
-    } else {
-	return undef;
-    }
+    return $cpu;
 }
 
-sub sct_irix() {
+sub sct_irix($) {
     # Returns:
     #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
     #     'cores' => #cores
     #     'threads' => #threads
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
     local $/ = "\n";
-    my $cpu;
-    $cpu->{'cores'} = ::qqx(qq{ hinv | grep HZ | grep Processor | awk '{print \$1}' });
-    $cpu->{'cores'} and chomp $cpu->{'cores'};
-
-    if(grep { /\d/ } values %$cpu) {
-	return $cpu;
-    } else {
-	return undef;
-    }
+    my $cpu = shift;
+    $cpu->{'cores'} ||=
+	::qqx(qq{ hinv | grep HZ | grep Processor | awk '{print \$1}' });
+    return $cpu;
 }
 
-sub sct_tru64() {
+sub sct_tru64($) {
     # Returns:
     #   { 'sockets' => #sockets
     #     'cores' => #cores
     #     'threads' => #threads
     #     'active' => #taskset_threads }
     local $/ = "\n";
-    my $cpu;
-    $cpu->{'cores'} = ::qqx("sizer -pr");
-    $cpu->{'cores'} and chomp $cpu->{'cores'};
-    $cpu->{'cores'} ||= 1;
+    my $cpu = shift;
+    $cpu->{'cores'} ||= ::qqx("sizer -pr");
     $cpu->{'sockets'} ||= $cpu->{'cores'};
     $cpu->{'threads'} ||= $cpu->{'cores'};
 
-    if(grep { /\d/ } values %$cpu) {
-	return $cpu;
-    } else {
-	return undef;
-    }
+    return $cpu;
 }
 
 sub sshcommand($) {
@@ -9221,7 +9155,8 @@ sub start($) {
 	return $pid;
     }
 
-    sub open3_setpgrp {
+    sub redefine_open3_setpgrp {
+	my $setgprp_cache = shift;
 	# Select and run open3_setpgrp_internal/open3_setpgrp_external
 	no warnings 'redefine';
 	my ($outfh,$name) = ::tmpfile(SUFFIX => ".tst");
@@ -9235,6 +9170,7 @@ sub start($) {
 	    "perl -MIPC::Open3 -e ".
 	    ::shell_quote_scalar_default($script)
 	    );
+	my $redefine_eval;
 	# Redirect STDERR temporarily,
 	# so errors on MacOS X are ignored.
 	open my $saveerr, ">&STDERR";
@@ -9249,14 +9185,30 @@ sub start($) {
 	    # or does not have bash:
 	    # Use (slow) external version
 	    unlink($name);
-	    *open3_setpgrp = \&open3_setpgrp_external;
+	    $redefine_eval = '*open3_setpgrp = \&open3_setpgrp_external';
 	    ::debug("init","open3_setpgrp_external chosen\n");
 	} else {
 	    # Supports open3(x,x,x,"-")
 	    # This is 0.5 ms faster to run
-	    *open3_setpgrp = \&open3_setpgrp_internal;
+	    $redefine_eval = '*open3_setpgrp = \&open3_setpgrp_internal';
 	    ::debug("init","open3_setpgrp_internal chosen\n");
 	}
+	open(my $fh, ">", $setgprp_cache) || die;
+	print $fh $redefine_eval;
+	close $fh;
+	eval $redefine_eval;
+    }
+
+    sub open3_setpgrp {
+	my $setgprp_cache = $Global::cache_dir . "/tmp/sshlogin/" .
+	    ::hostname() . "/setpgrp_func";
+	if(-e $setgprp_cache) {
+	    open(my $fh, "<", $setgprp_cache) || die;
+	    eval <$fh> || die;
+	    close $fh;
+	} else {
+	    redefine_open3_setpgrp($setgprp_cache);
+	}
 	# The sub is now redefined. Call it
 	return open3_setpgrp(@_);
     }
diff --git a/src/parallel.pod b/src/parallel.pod
index f05432e4..023a2ada 100644
--- a/src/parallel.pod
+++ b/src/parallel.pod
@@ -277,9 +277,9 @@ shell quote a string
 
 perl quote a string
 
-=item Z<> B<uq()>
+=item Z<> B<uq()> (or B<uq>)
 
-unquote current replacement string
+do not quote current replacement string
 
 =item Z<> B<total_jobs()>
 
diff --git a/testsuite/tests-to-run/parallel-polarhome.sh b/testsuite/tests-to-run/parallel-polarhome.sh
index 5909ddb2..1bd4b9f9 100644
--- a/testsuite/tests-to-run/parallel-polarhome.sh
+++ b/testsuite/tests-to-run/parallel-polarhome.sh
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ P_ALL="openstep qnx pidora alpha tru64 hpux-ia64 syllable raspbian solaris openi
 # Skip irix until Perl is upgraded (I cannot due to too small disk quota)
 P_ALL="openstep qnx pidora alpha tru64 hpux-ia64 syllable raspbian solaris openindiana aix hpux debian-ppc suse solaris-x86 mandriva ubuntu scosysv unixware centos miros macosx redhat netbsd openbsd freebsd debian dragonfly vax minix hurd beaglebone cubieboard2"
 P="$P_ALL"
+#P="unixware freebsd netbsd"
 
 # tru64 takes 22s to run 4 parallels
 MAXTIME=50
@@ -20,13 +21,14 @@ MAXINNERPROC=${maxinnerproc:-3}
 
 export PARALLEL_SSH="ssh -oLogLevel=quiet"
 
-# select a running master (debian-ppc, suse, ubuntu, or debian)
+# select a running master (debian-ppc, suse, ubuntu, redhat, or debian)
+# 2019-06-25 debian has too little free memory (and swap)
 MASTER=$(parallel -j0 --delay 0.1 --halt now,success=1 $PARALLEL_SSH {} echo {} \
-		  ::: {debian-ppc,ubuntu,debian,suse}.polarhome.com)
+		  ::: {debian-ppc,ubuntu,suse,redhat}.polarhome.com)
 
 parallel -j0 --delay 0.1 --retries $RETRIES \
-	 rsync -L /usr/local/bin/{parallel,env_parallel,env_parallel.*[^~],parcat,stdout} \
-	 ::: $MASTER:bin/
+    rsync -L /usr/local/bin/{parallel,env_parallel,env_parallel.*[^~],parcat,stdout} \
+    ::: $MASTER:bin/
 
 doit() {
     # Avoid the stupid /etc/issue.net banner at Polarhome: -oLogLevel=quiet
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ doit() {
     export MAXTIME
     export RETRIES
     export MAXPROC
-    export RET_TIME_K="--memfree 150m -k --retries $RETRIES --timeout $MAXTIME"
+    export RET_TIME_K="--memfree 100m -k --retries $RETRIES --timeout $MAXTIME"
     LC_ALL=C
     
     MAXPROC=$(echo $(seq 300 | parallel -j0 echo {%} | sort -n | tail -n1) /$MAXINNERPROC | bc)
@@ -44,8 +46,8 @@ doit() {
     echo '### Filter out working servers'
     # syllable often gives false positive
     parallel --timeout $MAXTIME -j10 ssh syllable true ::: {1..10} 2>/dev/null >/dev/null &
-    POLAR_ALL="`bin/parallel --memfree 200m -j0 -k --timeout 10 echo {} ::: $P`"
-    POLAR="`bin/parallel --memfree 200m -j0 -k --timeout 10 $PARALLEL_SSH {} echo {} ::: $P`"
+    POLAR_ALL="`bin/parallel --memfree 100m -j0 -k --timeout 10 echo {} ::: $P`"
+    POLAR="`bin/parallel --memfree 100m -j0 -k --timeout 10 $PARALLEL_SSH {} echo {} ::: $P`"
     diff <(echo "$POLAR_ALL") <(echo "$POLAR")
     S_POLAR=`bin/parallel -j0 $RET_TIME_K echo -S 1/{} ::: $POLAR`
 
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ doit() {
     par_nonall() {
 	parallel -j$MAXPROC $RET_TIME_K --delay 0.1 --tag \
 		 --nonall $S_POLAR -S "1/sshwithpass minix" --argsep ,:- \
-		 'source setupenv >&/dev/null || . `pwd`/setupenv;' "$@"
+		 'source setupenv 2>/dev/null; . `pwd`/setupenv;' "$@"
 	# setupenv contains something like this (adapted to the local path and shell)
 	#
 	# PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/bin
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ doit() {
 	     ::: $POLAR minix
     echo Done copying
 
-    env_parallel -d '\n\n' -vkj$MAXINNERPROC --delay 2 <<'EOF'
+    env_parallel -d '\n\n' -vkj$MAXINNERPROC --delay 2 <<'EOF' |
 
     echo
     echo '### Works on ...'
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ doit() {
             cat <(echo bash only A)
         }
         export -f funcA;
-        bin/parallel funcA ::: 1' 2>&1 | sort
+        bin/parallel funcA ::: 1' 2>&1 | LANG=C sort
 
     echo
     echo '### Does PARALLEL_SHELL help exporting a bash function'
@@ -142,16 +144,29 @@ doit() {
         bin/parallel funcB ::: 1' 2>&1
 
     echo
-    echo '### env_parallel echo :::: <(echo OK)'
+    echo '### env_parallel --install'
     echo '(bash ksh mksh zsh only)'
     echo
     par_nonall 'bin/env_parallel --install && echo install-OK' 2>&1
+
+    echo
+    echo '### env_parallel echo env_parallel ::: run-OK'
+    echo '(bash ksh mksh zsh only)'
+    echo
     par_nonall 'env_parallel echo env_parallel ::: run-OK' 2>&1
+
+    echo
+    echo '### env_parallel echo reading from process substitution :::: <(echo OK)'
+    echo '(bash ksh mksh zsh only)'
+    echo
     # csh on NetBSD does not support process substitution 
     par_nonall 'env_parallel echo reading from process substitution :::: <(echo OK)' 2>&1 | 
 	grep -v ': /tmp/.*: No such file or directory'
 
-    # Test empty command name in process list
+    echo
+    echo '### Test empty command name in process list'
+    echo '(bash ksh mksh zsh only)'
+    echo
     test_empty_cmd() {
 	echo '### Test if empty command name in process list causes problems'
 	perl -e '$0=" ";sleep 1000' &
@@ -179,7 +194,9 @@ doit() {
     echo '### env_parset var1,var2,var3 seq ::: 2 3 4'
     par_nonall 'start=2; env_parset var1,var2,var3 seq \$start ::: 2 3 4; echo $var1,$var2,$var3' 2>&1
 EOF
-
+    perl -ne 'm{UX:sh ./bin/sh.: ERROR: source: Not found} and next;
+    	      m{/usr/X11R7/bin/.: Permission denied.} and next;
+    print'
 }
 
 env_parallel -u -S$MASTER doit ::: 1
diff --git a/testsuite/wanted-results/parallel-polarhome b/testsuite/wanted-results/parallel-polarhome
index a72d3ec3..085bd8d6 100644
--- a/testsuite/wanted-results/parallel-polarhome
+++ b/testsuite/wanted-results/parallel-polarhome
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MAXTIME=50 RETRIES=3 MAXPROC=84 MAXINNERPROC=3
+MAXTIME=50 RETRIES=3 MAXPROC=100 MAXINNERPROC=3
 ### Filter out working servers
 1d0
 < openstep
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ MAXTIME=50 RETRIES=3 MAXPROC=84 MAXINNERPROC=3
 bin/parallel qnx	copy qnx bin/parallel parallel
 bin/parallel pidora	copy pidora bin/parallel parallel
 bin/parallel tru64	copy tru64 bin/parallel parallel
-bin/parallel hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/parallel parallel
 bin/parallel raspbian	copy raspbian bin/parallel parallel
 bin/parallel solaris	copy solaris bin/parallel parallel
 bin/parallel openindiana	copy openindiana bin/parallel parallel
@@ -38,12 +37,10 @@ bin/parallel netbsd	copy netbsd bin/parallel parallel
 bin/parallel openbsd	copy openbsd bin/parallel parallel
 bin/parallel freebsd	copy freebsd bin/parallel parallel
 bin/parallel debian	copy debian bin/parallel parallel
-bin/parallel hurd	copy hurd bin/parallel parallel
 bin/parallel minix	copy minix bin/parallel parallel
 bin/env_parallel qnx	copy qnx bin/env_parallel env_parallel
 bin/env_parallel pidora	copy pidora bin/env_parallel env_parallel
 bin/env_parallel tru64	copy tru64 bin/env_parallel env_parallel
-bin/env_parallel hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/env_parallel env_parallel
 bin/env_parallel raspbian	copy raspbian bin/env_parallel env_parallel
 bin/env_parallel solaris	copy solaris bin/env_parallel env_parallel
 bin/env_parallel openindiana	copy openindiana bin/env_parallel env_parallel
@@ -64,12 +61,10 @@ bin/env_parallel netbsd	copy netbsd bin/env_parallel env_parallel
 bin/env_parallel openbsd	copy openbsd bin/env_parallel env_parallel
 bin/env_parallel freebsd	copy freebsd bin/env_parallel env_parallel
 bin/env_parallel debian	copy debian bin/env_parallel env_parallel
-bin/env_parallel hurd	copy hurd bin/env_parallel env_parallel
 bin/env_parallel minix	copy minix bin/env_parallel env_parallel
 bin/env_parallel.ash qnx	copy qnx bin/env_parallel.ash env_parallel.ash
 bin/env_parallel.ash pidora	copy pidora bin/env_parallel.ash env_parallel.ash
 bin/env_parallel.ash tru64	copy tru64 bin/env_parallel.ash env_parallel.ash
-bin/env_parallel.ash hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/env_parallel.ash env_parallel.ash
 bin/env_parallel.ash raspbian	copy raspbian bin/env_parallel.ash env_parallel.ash
 bin/env_parallel.ash solaris	copy solaris bin/env_parallel.ash env_parallel.ash
 bin/env_parallel.ash openindiana	copy openindiana bin/env_parallel.ash env_parallel.ash
@@ -90,12 +85,10 @@ bin/env_parallel.ash netbsd	copy netbsd bin/env_parallel.ash env_parallel.ash
 bin/env_parallel.ash openbsd	copy openbsd bin/env_parallel.ash env_parallel.ash
 bin/env_parallel.ash freebsd	copy freebsd bin/env_parallel.ash env_parallel.ash
 bin/env_parallel.ash debian	copy debian bin/env_parallel.ash env_parallel.ash
-bin/env_parallel.ash hurd	copy hurd bin/env_parallel.ash env_parallel.ash
 bin/env_parallel.ash minix	copy minix bin/env_parallel.ash env_parallel.ash
 bin/env_parallel.bash qnx	copy qnx bin/env_parallel.bash env_parallel.bash
 bin/env_parallel.bash pidora	copy pidora bin/env_parallel.bash env_parallel.bash
 bin/env_parallel.bash tru64	copy tru64 bin/env_parallel.bash env_parallel.bash
-bin/env_parallel.bash hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/env_parallel.bash env_parallel.bash
 bin/env_parallel.bash raspbian	copy raspbian bin/env_parallel.bash env_parallel.bash
 bin/env_parallel.bash solaris	copy solaris bin/env_parallel.bash env_parallel.bash
 bin/env_parallel.bash openindiana	copy openindiana bin/env_parallel.bash env_parallel.bash
@@ -116,12 +109,10 @@ bin/env_parallel.bash netbsd	copy netbsd bin/env_parallel.bash env_parallel.bash
 bin/env_parallel.bash openbsd	copy openbsd bin/env_parallel.bash env_parallel.bash
 bin/env_parallel.bash freebsd	copy freebsd bin/env_parallel.bash env_parallel.bash
 bin/env_parallel.bash debian	copy debian bin/env_parallel.bash env_parallel.bash
-bin/env_parallel.bash hurd	copy hurd bin/env_parallel.bash env_parallel.bash
 bin/env_parallel.bash minix	copy minix bin/env_parallel.bash env_parallel.bash
 bin/env_parallel.csh qnx	copy qnx bin/env_parallel.csh env_parallel.csh
 bin/env_parallel.csh pidora	copy pidora bin/env_parallel.csh env_parallel.csh
 bin/env_parallel.csh tru64	copy tru64 bin/env_parallel.csh env_parallel.csh
-bin/env_parallel.csh hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/env_parallel.csh env_parallel.csh
 bin/env_parallel.csh raspbian	copy raspbian bin/env_parallel.csh env_parallel.csh
 bin/env_parallel.csh solaris	copy solaris bin/env_parallel.csh env_parallel.csh
 bin/env_parallel.csh openindiana	copy openindiana bin/env_parallel.csh env_parallel.csh
@@ -142,12 +133,10 @@ bin/env_parallel.csh netbsd	copy netbsd bin/env_parallel.csh env_parallel.csh
 bin/env_parallel.csh openbsd	copy openbsd bin/env_parallel.csh env_parallel.csh
 bin/env_parallel.csh freebsd	copy freebsd bin/env_parallel.csh env_parallel.csh
 bin/env_parallel.csh debian	copy debian bin/env_parallel.csh env_parallel.csh
-bin/env_parallel.csh hurd	copy hurd bin/env_parallel.csh env_parallel.csh
 bin/env_parallel.csh minix	copy minix bin/env_parallel.csh env_parallel.csh
 bin/env_parallel.dash qnx	copy qnx bin/env_parallel.dash env_parallel.dash
 bin/env_parallel.dash pidora	copy pidora bin/env_parallel.dash env_parallel.dash
 bin/env_parallel.dash tru64	copy tru64 bin/env_parallel.dash env_parallel.dash
-bin/env_parallel.dash hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/env_parallel.dash env_parallel.dash
 bin/env_parallel.dash raspbian	copy raspbian bin/env_parallel.dash env_parallel.dash
 bin/env_parallel.dash solaris	copy solaris bin/env_parallel.dash env_parallel.dash
 bin/env_parallel.dash openindiana	copy openindiana bin/env_parallel.dash env_parallel.dash
@@ -168,12 +157,10 @@ bin/env_parallel.dash netbsd	copy netbsd bin/env_parallel.dash env_parallel.dash
 bin/env_parallel.dash openbsd	copy openbsd bin/env_parallel.dash env_parallel.dash
 bin/env_parallel.dash freebsd	copy freebsd bin/env_parallel.dash env_parallel.dash
 bin/env_parallel.dash debian	copy debian bin/env_parallel.dash env_parallel.dash
-bin/env_parallel.dash hurd	copy hurd bin/env_parallel.dash env_parallel.dash
 bin/env_parallel.dash minix	copy minix bin/env_parallel.dash env_parallel.dash
 bin/env_parallel.fish qnx	copy qnx bin/env_parallel.fish env_parallel.fish
 bin/env_parallel.fish pidora	copy pidora bin/env_parallel.fish env_parallel.fish
 bin/env_parallel.fish tru64	copy tru64 bin/env_parallel.fish env_parallel.fish
-bin/env_parallel.fish hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/env_parallel.fish env_parallel.fish
 bin/env_parallel.fish raspbian	copy raspbian bin/env_parallel.fish env_parallel.fish
 bin/env_parallel.fish solaris	copy solaris bin/env_parallel.fish env_parallel.fish
 bin/env_parallel.fish openindiana	copy openindiana bin/env_parallel.fish env_parallel.fish
@@ -194,12 +181,10 @@ bin/env_parallel.fish netbsd	copy netbsd bin/env_parallel.fish env_parallel.fish
 bin/env_parallel.fish openbsd	copy openbsd bin/env_parallel.fish env_parallel.fish
 bin/env_parallel.fish freebsd	copy freebsd bin/env_parallel.fish env_parallel.fish
 bin/env_parallel.fish debian	copy debian bin/env_parallel.fish env_parallel.fish
-bin/env_parallel.fish hurd	copy hurd bin/env_parallel.fish env_parallel.fish
 bin/env_parallel.fish minix	copy minix bin/env_parallel.fish env_parallel.fish
 bin/env_parallel.ksh qnx	copy qnx bin/env_parallel.ksh env_parallel.ksh
 bin/env_parallel.ksh pidora	copy pidora bin/env_parallel.ksh env_parallel.ksh
 bin/env_parallel.ksh tru64	copy tru64 bin/env_parallel.ksh env_parallel.ksh
-bin/env_parallel.ksh hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/env_parallel.ksh env_parallel.ksh
 bin/env_parallel.ksh raspbian	copy raspbian bin/env_parallel.ksh env_parallel.ksh
 bin/env_parallel.ksh solaris	copy solaris bin/env_parallel.ksh env_parallel.ksh
 bin/env_parallel.ksh openindiana	copy openindiana bin/env_parallel.ksh env_parallel.ksh
@@ -220,12 +205,10 @@ bin/env_parallel.ksh netbsd	copy netbsd bin/env_parallel.ksh env_parallel.ksh
 bin/env_parallel.ksh openbsd	copy openbsd bin/env_parallel.ksh env_parallel.ksh
 bin/env_parallel.ksh freebsd	copy freebsd bin/env_parallel.ksh env_parallel.ksh
 bin/env_parallel.ksh debian	copy debian bin/env_parallel.ksh env_parallel.ksh
-bin/env_parallel.ksh hurd	copy hurd bin/env_parallel.ksh env_parallel.ksh
 bin/env_parallel.ksh minix	copy minix bin/env_parallel.ksh env_parallel.ksh
 bin/env_parallel.mksh qnx	copy qnx bin/env_parallel.mksh env_parallel.mksh
 bin/env_parallel.mksh pidora	copy pidora bin/env_parallel.mksh env_parallel.mksh
 bin/env_parallel.mksh tru64	copy tru64 bin/env_parallel.mksh env_parallel.mksh
-bin/env_parallel.mksh hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/env_parallel.mksh env_parallel.mksh
 bin/env_parallel.mksh raspbian	copy raspbian bin/env_parallel.mksh env_parallel.mksh
 bin/env_parallel.mksh solaris	copy solaris bin/env_parallel.mksh env_parallel.mksh
 bin/env_parallel.mksh openindiana	copy openindiana bin/env_parallel.mksh env_parallel.mksh
@@ -246,12 +229,10 @@ bin/env_parallel.mksh netbsd	copy netbsd bin/env_parallel.mksh env_parallel.mksh
 bin/env_parallel.mksh openbsd	copy openbsd bin/env_parallel.mksh env_parallel.mksh
 bin/env_parallel.mksh freebsd	copy freebsd bin/env_parallel.mksh env_parallel.mksh
 bin/env_parallel.mksh debian	copy debian bin/env_parallel.mksh env_parallel.mksh
-bin/env_parallel.mksh hurd	copy hurd bin/env_parallel.mksh env_parallel.mksh
 bin/env_parallel.mksh minix	copy minix bin/env_parallel.mksh env_parallel.mksh
 bin/env_parallel.pdksh qnx	copy qnx bin/env_parallel.pdksh env_parallel.pdksh
 bin/env_parallel.pdksh pidora	copy pidora bin/env_parallel.pdksh env_parallel.pdksh
 bin/env_parallel.pdksh tru64	copy tru64 bin/env_parallel.pdksh env_parallel.pdksh
-bin/env_parallel.pdksh hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/env_parallel.pdksh env_parallel.pdksh
 bin/env_parallel.pdksh raspbian	copy raspbian bin/env_parallel.pdksh env_parallel.pdksh
 bin/env_parallel.pdksh solaris	copy solaris bin/env_parallel.pdksh env_parallel.pdksh
 bin/env_parallel.pdksh openindiana	copy openindiana bin/env_parallel.pdksh env_parallel.pdksh
@@ -272,12 +253,10 @@ bin/env_parallel.pdksh netbsd	copy netbsd bin/env_parallel.pdksh env_parallel.pd
 bin/env_parallel.pdksh openbsd	copy openbsd bin/env_parallel.pdksh env_parallel.pdksh
 bin/env_parallel.pdksh freebsd	copy freebsd bin/env_parallel.pdksh env_parallel.pdksh
 bin/env_parallel.pdksh debian	copy debian bin/env_parallel.pdksh env_parallel.pdksh
-bin/env_parallel.pdksh hurd	copy hurd bin/env_parallel.pdksh env_parallel.pdksh
 bin/env_parallel.pdksh minix	copy minix bin/env_parallel.pdksh env_parallel.pdksh
 bin/env_parallel.sh qnx	copy qnx bin/env_parallel.sh env_parallel.sh
 bin/env_parallel.sh pidora	copy pidora bin/env_parallel.sh env_parallel.sh
 bin/env_parallel.sh tru64	copy tru64 bin/env_parallel.sh env_parallel.sh
-bin/env_parallel.sh hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/env_parallel.sh env_parallel.sh
 bin/env_parallel.sh raspbian	copy raspbian bin/env_parallel.sh env_parallel.sh
 bin/env_parallel.sh solaris	copy solaris bin/env_parallel.sh env_parallel.sh
 bin/env_parallel.sh openindiana	copy openindiana bin/env_parallel.sh env_parallel.sh
@@ -298,12 +277,10 @@ bin/env_parallel.sh netbsd	copy netbsd bin/env_parallel.sh env_parallel.sh
 bin/env_parallel.sh openbsd	copy openbsd bin/env_parallel.sh env_parallel.sh
 bin/env_parallel.sh freebsd	copy freebsd bin/env_parallel.sh env_parallel.sh
 bin/env_parallel.sh debian	copy debian bin/env_parallel.sh env_parallel.sh
-bin/env_parallel.sh hurd	copy hurd bin/env_parallel.sh env_parallel.sh
 bin/env_parallel.sh minix	copy minix bin/env_parallel.sh env_parallel.sh
 bin/env_parallel.tcsh qnx	copy qnx bin/env_parallel.tcsh env_parallel.tcsh
 bin/env_parallel.tcsh pidora	copy pidora bin/env_parallel.tcsh env_parallel.tcsh
 bin/env_parallel.tcsh tru64	copy tru64 bin/env_parallel.tcsh env_parallel.tcsh
-bin/env_parallel.tcsh hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/env_parallel.tcsh env_parallel.tcsh
 bin/env_parallel.tcsh raspbian	copy raspbian bin/env_parallel.tcsh env_parallel.tcsh
 bin/env_parallel.tcsh solaris	copy solaris bin/env_parallel.tcsh env_parallel.tcsh
 bin/env_parallel.tcsh openindiana	copy openindiana bin/env_parallel.tcsh env_parallel.tcsh
@@ -324,12 +301,10 @@ bin/env_parallel.tcsh netbsd	copy netbsd bin/env_parallel.tcsh env_parallel.tcsh
 bin/env_parallel.tcsh openbsd	copy openbsd bin/env_parallel.tcsh env_parallel.tcsh
 bin/env_parallel.tcsh freebsd	copy freebsd bin/env_parallel.tcsh env_parallel.tcsh
 bin/env_parallel.tcsh debian	copy debian bin/env_parallel.tcsh env_parallel.tcsh
-bin/env_parallel.tcsh hurd	copy hurd bin/env_parallel.tcsh env_parallel.tcsh
 bin/env_parallel.tcsh minix	copy minix bin/env_parallel.tcsh env_parallel.tcsh
 bin/env_parallel.zsh qnx	copy qnx bin/env_parallel.zsh env_parallel.zsh
 bin/env_parallel.zsh pidora	copy pidora bin/env_parallel.zsh env_parallel.zsh
 bin/env_parallel.zsh tru64	copy tru64 bin/env_parallel.zsh env_parallel.zsh
-bin/env_parallel.zsh hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/env_parallel.zsh env_parallel.zsh
 bin/env_parallel.zsh raspbian	copy raspbian bin/env_parallel.zsh env_parallel.zsh
 bin/env_parallel.zsh solaris	copy solaris bin/env_parallel.zsh env_parallel.zsh
 bin/env_parallel.zsh openindiana	copy openindiana bin/env_parallel.zsh env_parallel.zsh
@@ -350,12 +325,10 @@ bin/env_parallel.zsh netbsd	copy netbsd bin/env_parallel.zsh env_parallel.zsh
 bin/env_parallel.zsh openbsd	copy openbsd bin/env_parallel.zsh env_parallel.zsh
 bin/env_parallel.zsh freebsd	copy freebsd bin/env_parallel.zsh env_parallel.zsh
 bin/env_parallel.zsh debian	copy debian bin/env_parallel.zsh env_parallel.zsh
-bin/env_parallel.zsh hurd	copy hurd bin/env_parallel.zsh env_parallel.zsh
 bin/env_parallel.zsh minix	copy minix bin/env_parallel.zsh env_parallel.zsh
 bin/parcat qnx	copy qnx bin/parcat parcat
 bin/parcat pidora	copy pidora bin/parcat parcat
 bin/parcat tru64	copy tru64 bin/parcat parcat
-bin/parcat hpux-ia64	copy hpux-ia64 bin/parcat parcat
 bin/parcat raspbian	copy raspbian bin/parcat parcat
 bin/parcat solaris	copy solaris bin/parcat parcat
 bin/parcat openindiana	copy openindiana bin/parcat parcat
@@ -376,7 +349,6 @@ bin/parcat netbsd	copy netbsd bin/parcat parcat
 bin/parcat openbsd	copy openbsd bin/parcat parcat
 bin/parcat freebsd	copy freebsd bin/parcat parcat
 bin/parcat debian	copy debian bin/parcat parcat
-bin/parcat hurd	copy hurd bin/parcat parcat
 bin/parcat minix	copy minix bin/parcat parcat
 Done copying
 
@@ -391,9 +363,8 @@ aix	Works on aix7
 centos	Works on centos.polarhome.com
 debian	Works on debian
 debian-ppc	Works on debian-ppc
-freebsd	Syntax error: Bad fd number
+freebsd	Works on freebsd.polarhome.com
 hpux	Works on hpux64
-hpux-ia64	Works on hpux-ia64
 macosx	Works on macosx.polarhome.com
 mandriva	Works on mandriva.polarhome.com
 miros	Works on miros.polarhome.com
@@ -402,7 +373,6 @@ openbsd	Works on openbsd.polarhome.com
 openindiana	Works on openindiana
 pidora	Works on pidora
 qnx	Works on qnx
-qnx	/bin/sh: >&/dev/null : illegal file descriptor name
 qnx	parallel: Warning: Cannot figure out number of cpus. Using 1.
 raspbian	Works on raspbian
 redhat	Works on redhat.polarhome.com
@@ -413,7 +383,6 @@ suse	Works on suse
 tru64	Works on tru64.polarhome.com
 ubuntu	Works on ubuntu
 unixware	Works on unixware.polarhome.com
-unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: source: Not found
     echo
     echo '### --number-of-cores/--number-of-cpus should work with no error'
     echo
@@ -430,12 +399,13 @@ debian	1
 debian	2
 debian-ppc	1
 debian-ppc	1
-freebsd	Syntax error: Bad fd number
+freebsd	1
+freebsd	1
 hpux	1
 hpux	1
 hpux-ia64	1
 hpux-ia64	1
-macosx	2
+macosx	1
 macosx	2
 mandriva	1
 mandriva	1
@@ -451,7 +421,6 @@ pidora	1
 pidora	1
 qnx	1
 qnx	1
-qnx	/bin/sh: >&/dev/null : illegal file descriptor name
 qnx	parallel: Warning: Cannot figure out number of cpus. Using 1.
 qnx	parallel: Warning: Cannot figure out number of cpus. Using 1.
 raspbian	1
@@ -460,9 +429,9 @@ redhat	1
 redhat	2
 scosysv	1
 scosysv	1
-solaris	
 solaris	2
-solaris-x86	
+solaris	2
+solaris-x86	1
 solaris-x86	1
 suse	1
 suse	1
@@ -472,7 +441,6 @@ ubuntu	1
 ubuntu	2
 unixware	1
 unixware	1
-unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: source: Not found
 aix	1
 aix	1
 centos	1
@@ -481,7 +449,8 @@ debian	2
 debian	2
 debian-ppc	1
 debian-ppc	1
-freebsd	Syntax error: Bad fd number
+freebsd	1
+freebsd	1
 hpux	1
 hpux	1
 hpux-ia64	2
@@ -502,7 +471,6 @@ pidora	1
 pidora	1
 qnx	1
 qnx	1
-qnx	/bin/sh: >&/dev/null : illegal file descriptor name
 qnx	parallel: Warning: Cannot figure out number of cpus. Using 1.
 qnx	parallel: Warning: Cannot figure out number of cpus. Using 1.
 raspbian	1
@@ -523,7 +491,6 @@ ubuntu	2
 ubuntu	2
 unixware	1
 unixware	1
-unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: source: Not found
     echo
     echo '### Fails if tmpdir is R/O'
     echo
@@ -542,7 +509,8 @@ debian	Error in tempfile() using template /XXXXXXXX.arg: Could not create temp f
 debian	OK readonly tmp
 debian-ppc	Error in tempfile() using template /XXXXXXXX.arg: Could not create temp file /XXXXXXXX.arg: Permission denied at /home/t/tange/bin/parallel line 0000.
 debian-ppc	OK readonly tmp
-freebsd	Syntax error: Bad fd number
+freebsd	Error in tempfile() using template /XXXXXXXX.arg: Could not create temp file /XXXXXXXX.arg: Permission denied at /home/t/tange/bin/parallel line 0000.
+freebsd	OK readonly tmp
 hpux	Error in tempfile() using /XXXXXXXX.arg: Could not create temp file /XXXXXXXX.arg: Permission denied at /home/t/tange/bin/parallel line 0000
 hpux	OK readonly tmp
 hpux-ia64	Error in tempfile() using /XXXXXXXX.arg: Parent directory (/) is not writable
@@ -566,7 +534,6 @@ pidora	Error in tempfile() using template /XXXXXXXX.arg: Could not create temp f
 pidora	OK readonly tmp
 qnx	Error in tempfile() using /XXXXXXXX.arg: Could not create temp file /XXXXXXXX.arg: Permission denied at /home/t/tange/bin/parallel line 0000
 qnx	OK readonly tmp
-qnx	/bin/sh: >&/dev/null : illegal file descriptor name
 raspbian	Error in tempfile() using /XXXXXXXX.arg: Could not create temp file /XXXXXXXX.arg: Permission denied at /home/t/tange/bin/parallel line 0000
 raspbian	OK readonly tmp
 redhat	Error in tempfile() using /XXXXXXXX.arg: Could not create temp file /XXXXXXXX.arg: Permission denied at /home/t/tange/bin/parallel line 0000
@@ -577,7 +544,7 @@ scosysv	OK readonly tmp
 solaris	Error in tempfile() using /XXXXXXXX.arg: Parent directory (/) is not writable
 solaris	 at /home/t/tange/bin/parallel line 0000
 solaris	OK readonly tmp
-solaris-x86	Error in tempfile() using /XXXXXXXX.arg: Could not create temp file /XXXXXXXX.arg: Permission denied at /home/tange/bin/parallel line 0000
+solaris-x86	Error in tempfile() using /XXXXXXXX.arg: Could not create temp file /XXXXXXXX.arg: Permission denied at ~/bin/parallel line 0000
 solaris-x86	OK readonly tmp
 suse	Error in tempfile() using /XXXXXXXX.arg: Could not create temp file /XXXXXXXX.arg: Permission denied at /home/t/tange/bin/parallel line 0000.
 suse	OK readonly tmp
@@ -588,7 +555,6 @@ ubuntu	Error in tempfile() using template /XXXXXXXX.arg: Could not create temp f
 ubuntu	OK readonly tmp
 unixware	Error in tempfile() using /XXXXXXXX.arg: Could not create temp file /XXXXXXXX.arg: Permission denied at /home/t/tange/bin/parallel line 0000
 unixware	OK readonly tmp
-unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: source: Not found
     echo
     echo '### Does exporting a bash function make parallel fail?'
     echo 'If login shell is not bash compatible it fails'
@@ -599,7 +565,7 @@ unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: source: Not found
             cat <(echo bash only A)
         }
         export -f funcA;
-        bin/parallel funcA ::: 1' 2>&1 | sort
+        bin/parallel funcA ::: 1' 2>&1 | LANG=C sort
 
 ### Does exporting a bash function make parallel fail?
 If login shell is not bash compatible it fails
@@ -612,7 +578,8 @@ debian	bash only A
 debian	test funcA
 debian-ppc	bash only A
 debian-ppc	test funcA
-freebsd	Syntax error: Bad fd number
+freebsd	Syntax error: "(" unexpected (expecting word)
+freebsd	test funcA
 hpux	bash only A
 hpux	test funcA
 hpux-ia64	bash only A
@@ -653,7 +620,6 @@ tru64	test funcA
 ubuntu	bash only A
 ubuntu	test funcA
 unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: /bin/sh: Syntax error at line 3: `(' unexpected
-unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: source: Not found
 unixware	test funcA
     echo
     echo '### Does PARALLEL_SHELL help exporting a bash function'
@@ -725,16 +691,12 @@ ubuntu	bash only B
 unixware	test funcB
 unixware	bash only B
     echo
-    echo '### env_parallel echo :::: <(echo OK)'
+    echo '### env_parallel --install'
     echo '(bash ksh mksh zsh only)'
     echo
     par_nonall 'bin/env_parallel --install && echo install-OK' 2>&1
-    par_nonall 'env_parallel echo env_parallel ::: run-OK' 2>&1
-    # csh on NetBSD does not support process substitution 
-    par_nonall 'env_parallel echo reading from process substitution :::: <(echo OK)' 2>&1 | 
-	grep -v ': /tmp/.*: No such file or directory'
 
-### env_parallel echo :::: <(echo OK)
+### env_parallel --install
 (bash ksh mksh zsh only)
 
 aix	Installed env_parallel in:
@@ -781,7 +743,17 @@ debian-ppc	     /home/t/tange/.profile
 debian-ppc	     /home/t/tange/.cshrc
 debian-ppc	     /home/t/tange/.tcshrc
 debian-ppc	install-OK
-freebsd	Syntax error: Bad fd number
+freebsd	Installed env_parallel in:
+freebsd	     /home/t/tange/.bashrc
+freebsd	     /home/t/tange/.shrc
+freebsd	     /home/t/tange/.zshenv
+freebsd	     /home/t/tange/.config/fish/config.fish
+freebsd	     /home/t/tange/.kshrc
+freebsd	     /home/t/tange/.mkshrc
+freebsd	     /home/t/tange/.profile
+freebsd	     /home/t/tange/.cshrc
+freebsd	     /home/t/tange/.tcshrc
+freebsd	install-OK
 hpux	Installed env_parallel in:
 hpux	     /home/t/tange/.bashrc
 hpux	     /home/t/tange/.shrc
@@ -893,7 +865,6 @@ qnx	     /home/t/tange/.profile
 qnx	     /home/t/tange/.cshrc
 qnx	     /home/t/tange/.tcshrc
 qnx	install-OK
-qnx	/bin/sh: >&/dev/null : illegal file descriptor name
 raspbian	Installed env_parallel in:
 raspbian	     /home/t/tange/.bashrc
 raspbian	     /home/t/tange/.shrc
@@ -939,15 +910,15 @@ solaris	     /home/t/tange/.cshrc
 solaris	     /home/t/tange/.tcshrc
 solaris	install-OK
 solaris-x86	Installed env_parallel in:
-solaris-x86	     /home/tange/.bashrc
-solaris-x86	     /home/tange/.shrc
-solaris-x86	     /home/tange/.zshenv
-solaris-x86	     /home/tange/.config/fish/config.fish
-solaris-x86	     /home/tange/.kshrc
-solaris-x86	     /home/tange/.mkshrc
-solaris-x86	     /home/tange/.profile
-solaris-x86	     /home/tange/.cshrc
-solaris-x86	     /home/tange/.tcshrc
+solaris-x86	     ~/.bashrc
+solaris-x86	     ~/.shrc
+solaris-x86	     ~/.zshenv
+solaris-x86	     ~/.config/fish/config.fish
+solaris-x86	     ~/.kshrc
+solaris-x86	     ~/.mkshrc
+solaris-x86	     ~/.profile
+solaris-x86	     ~/.cshrc
+solaris-x86	     ~/.tcshrc
 solaris-x86	install-OK
 suse	Installed env_parallel in:
 suse	     /home/t/tange/.bashrc
@@ -993,12 +964,21 @@ unixware	     /home/t/tange/.profile
 unixware	     /home/t/tange/.cshrc
 unixware	     /home/t/tange/.tcshrc
 unixware	install-OK
-unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: source: Not found
+    echo
+    echo '### env_parallel echo env_parallel ::: run-OK'
+    echo '(bash ksh mksh zsh only)'
+    echo
+    par_nonall 'env_parallel echo env_parallel ::: run-OK' 2>&1
+
+### env_parallel echo env_parallel ::: run-OK
+(bash ksh mksh zsh only)
+
 aix	env_parallel run-OK
 centos	env_parallel run-OK
 debian	env_parallel run-OK
 debian-ppc	env_parallel run-OK
-freebsd	Syntax error: Bad fd number
+freebsd	env_parallel run-OK
+freebsd	Cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable
 hpux	env_parallel run-OK
 hpux-ia64	env_parallel run-OK
 macosx	env_parallel run-OK
@@ -1009,7 +989,6 @@ openbsd	env_parallel run-OK
 openindiana	env_parallel run-OK
 pidora	env_parallel run-OK
 qnx	env_parallel run-OK
-qnx	/bin/sh: >&/dev/null : illegal file descriptor name
 qnx	/bin/sh: compgen: cannot execute - No such file or directory
 qnx	/bin/sh: compgen: cannot execute - No such file or directory
 qnx	/bin/sh: compgen: cannot execute - No such file or directory
@@ -1024,7 +1003,17 @@ suse	env_parallel run-OK
 tru64	env_parallel run-OK
 ubuntu	env_parallel run-OK
 unixware	env_parallel run-OK
-unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: source: Not found
+    echo
+    echo '### env_parallel echo reading from process substitution :::: <(echo OK)'
+    echo '(bash ksh mksh zsh only)'
+    echo
+    # csh on NetBSD does not support process substitution 
+    par_nonall 'env_parallel echo reading from process substitution :::: <(echo OK)' 2>&1 | 
+	grep -v ': /tmp/.*: No such file or directory'
+
+### env_parallel echo reading from process substitution :::: <(echo OK)
+(bash ksh mksh zsh only)
+
 aix	reading from process substitution OK
 centos	reading from process substitution OK
 debian	reading from process substitution OK
@@ -1051,7 +1040,10 @@ suse	reading from process substitution OK
 tru64	reading from process substitution OK
 ubuntu	reading from process substitution OK
 unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: /bin/sh: Syntax error at line 1: `(' unexpected
-    # Test empty command name in process list
+    echo
+    echo '### Test empty command name in process list'
+    echo '(bash ksh mksh zsh only)'
+    echo
     test_empty_cmd() {
 	echo '### Test if empty command name in process list causes problems'
 	perl -e '$0=" ";sleep 1000' &
@@ -1062,6 +1054,10 @@ unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: /bin/sh: Syntax error at line 1: `(' unexpected
     export -f test_empty_cmd
     export PARALLEL_SHELL=bin/bash
     PARALLEL='--env test_empty_cmd' par_nonall test_empty_cmd 2>&1
+
+### Test empty command name in process list
+(bash ksh mksh zsh only)
+
 aix	### Test if empty command name in process list causes problems
 aix	OK_with_empty_cmd
 centos	### Test if empty command name in process list causes problems
@@ -1127,7 +1123,7 @@ aix	1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
 centos	1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
 debian	1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
 debian-ppc	1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
-freebsd	Syntax error: Bad fd number
+freebsd	eval: 1: Syntax error: word unexpected (expecting ")")
 hpux	
 hpux-ia64	1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
 macosx	1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
@@ -1139,7 +1135,6 @@ openbsd
 openindiana	1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
 pidora	1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
 qnx	
-qnx	/bin/sh: >&/dev/null : illegal file descriptor name
 qnx	parallel: Warning: Cannot figure out number of cpus. Using 1.
 qnx	/bin/sh: syntax error: `(' unexpected
 raspbian	1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
@@ -1150,14 +1145,17 @@ solaris-x86	1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
 suse	1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
 tru64	1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
 ubuntu	1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
-unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: source: Not found
 unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: /bin/sh: Syntax error at line 1: `arr=' unexpected
 ### env_parset arr seq ::: 2 3 4
 aix	2 2 3 2 3 4
 centos	2 2 3 2 3 4
 debian	2 2 3 2 3 4
 debian-ppc	2 2 3 2 3 4
-freebsd	Syntax error: Bad fd number
+freebsd	Cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable
+freebsd	Cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable
+freebsd	Cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable
+freebsd	Cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable
+freebsd	eval: 1: Syntax error: word unexpected (expecting ")")
 hpux	
 hpux-ia64	1 2 1 2 1 2
 macosx	2 2 3 2 3 4
@@ -1170,7 +1168,6 @@ openbsd
 openindiana	2 2 3 2 3 4
 pidora	2 2 3 2 3 4
 qnx	
-qnx	/bin/sh: >&/dev/null : illegal file descriptor name
 qnx	/bin/sh: compgen: cannot execute - No such file or directory
 qnx	/bin/sh: compgen: cannot execute - No such file or directory
 qnx	/bin/sh: compgen: cannot execute - No such file or directory
@@ -1184,7 +1181,6 @@ solaris-x86	2 2 3 2 3 4
 suse	2 2 3 2 3 4
 tru64	2 2 3 2 3 4
 ubuntu	2 2 3 2 3 4
-unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: source: Not found
 unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: /bin/sh: Syntax error at line 1: `arr=' unexpected
     echo
     echo '### parset var1,var2,var3 seq ::: 2 3 4'
@@ -1202,7 +1198,7 @@ aix	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
 centos	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
 debian	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
 debian-ppc	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
-freebsd	Syntax error: Bad fd number
+freebsd	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
 hpux	,,
 hpux-ia64	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
 macosx	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
@@ -1214,7 +1210,6 @@ openbsd	,,
 openindiana	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
 pidora	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
 qnx	,,
-qnx	/bin/sh: >&/dev/null : illegal file descriptor name
 qnx	parallel: Warning: Cannot figure out number of cpus. Using 1.
 qnx	parallel: Warning: Cannot figure out number of cpus. Using 1.
 raspbian	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
@@ -1226,13 +1221,17 @@ suse	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
 tru64	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
 ubuntu	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
 unixware	1 2,1 2 3,1 2 3 4
-unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: source: Not found
 ### env_parset var1,var2,var3 seq ::: 2 3 4
 aix	2,2 3,2 3 4
 centos	2,2 3,2 3 4
 debian	2,2 3,2 3 4
 debian-ppc	2,2 3,2 3 4
-freebsd	Syntax error: Bad fd number
+freebsd	2,2 3,2 3 4
+freebsd	Cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable
+freebsd	Cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable
+freebsd	Cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable
+freebsd	Cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable
+freebsd	Cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable
 hpux	,,
 hpux-ia64	1 2,1 2,1 2
 macosx	2,2 3,2 3 4
@@ -1245,7 +1244,6 @@ openbsd	,,
 openindiana	2,2 3,2 3 4
 pidora	2,2 3,2 3 4
 qnx	,,
-qnx	/bin/sh: >&/dev/null : illegal file descriptor name
 qnx	/bin/sh: compgen: cannot execute - No such file or directory
 qnx	/bin/sh: compgen: cannot execute - No such file or directory
 qnx	/bin/sh: compgen: cannot execute - No such file or directory
@@ -1260,4 +1258,3 @@ suse	2,2 3,2 3 4
 tru64	2,2 3,2 3 4
 ubuntu	2,2 3,2 3 4
 unixware	2,2 3,2 3 4
-unixware	UX:sh (/bin/sh): ERROR: source: Not found