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145 lines
4.8 KiB
Plaintext
145 lines
4.8 KiB
Plaintext
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GNU Parallel
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https://www.gnu.org/software/parallel/
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= Presentation of GNU Parallel =
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GNU Parallel is a shell tool for executing jobs in parallel using one
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or more computers. A job can be a single command or a small script
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that has to be run for each of the lines in the input. The typical
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input is a list of files, a list of hosts, a list of users, a list of
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URLs, or a list of tables. A job can also be a command that reads from
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a pipe. GNU Parallel can then split the input and pipe it into
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commands in parallel.
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If you use xargs and tee today you will find GNU Parallel very easy to
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use as GNU Parallel is written to have the same options as xargs. If
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you write loops in shell, you will find GNU Parallel may be able to
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replace most of the loops and make them run faster by running several
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jobs in parallel.
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GNU Parallel makes sure output from the commands is the same output as
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you would get had you run the commands sequentially. This makes it
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possible to use output from GNU Parallel as input for other programs.
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See the cheat sheet for examples that cover most of the daily usage:
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www.gnu.org/s/parallel/parallel_cheat.pdf
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= 10 seconds installation =
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For security reasons it is recommended you use your package manager to
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install. But if you cannot do that then you can use this 10 seconds
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installation.
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The 10 seconds installation will try to do a full installation; if
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that fails, a personal installation; if that fails, a minimal
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installation.
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$ (wget -O - pi.dk/3 || lynx -source pi.dk/3 || curl pi.dk/3/ || \
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fetch -o - http://pi.dk/3 ) > install.sh
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$ sha1sum install.sh | grep c82233e7da3166308632ac8c34f850c0
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12345678 c82233e7 da316630 8632ac8c 34f850c0
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$ md5sum install.sh | grep ae3d7aac5e15cf3dfc87046cfc5918d2
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ae3d7aac 5e15cf3d fc87046c fc5918d2
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$ sha512sum install.sh | grep dfc00d823137271a6d96225cea9e89f533ff6c81f
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9c5198d5 31a3b755 b7910ece 3a42d206 c804694d fc00d823 137271a6 d96225ce
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a9e89f53 3ff6c81f f52b298b ef9fb613 2d3f9ccd 0e2c7bd3 c35978b5 79acb5ca
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$ bash install.sh
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This will literally install faster than reading the rest of this
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document.
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= Full installation =
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Full installation of GNU Parallel is as simple as:
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wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/parallel/parallel-20210322.tar.bz2
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wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/parallel/parallel-20210322.tar.bz2.sig
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gpg parallel-20210322.tar.bz2.sig
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bzip2 -dc parallel-20210322.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -
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cd parallel-20210322
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./configure && make && sudo make install
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= Personal installation =
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If you are not root you can add ~/bin to your path and install in
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~/bin and ~/share:
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wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/parallel/parallel-20210322.tar.bz2
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wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/parallel/parallel-20210322.tar.bz2.sig
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gpg parallel-20210322.tar.bz2.sig
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bzip2 -dc parallel-20210322.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -
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cd parallel-20210322
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./configure --prefix=$HOME && make && make install
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Or if your system lacks 'make' you can simply copy src/parallel
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src/sem src/niceload src/sql to a dir in your path.
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= Minimal installation =
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If you just need parallel and do not have 'make' installed (maybe the
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system is old or Microsoft Windows):
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wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/parallel.git/plain/src/parallel
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chmod 755 parallel
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cp parallel sem
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mv parallel sem dir-in-your-$PATH/bin/
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= Installation on compute servers =
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If you are developing your script to run on a remote server, that does
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not have GNU Parallel installed, but you have it installed on you
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development machine, then you can use `parallel --embed`.
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parallel --embed > newscript.sh
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Just edit the last lines of newscript.sh and copy it to the compute
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server.
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= Test the installation =
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After this you should be able to do:
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parallel -j0 ping -nc 3 ::: qubes-os.org gnu.org freenetproject.org
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This will send 3 ping packets to 3 different hosts in parallel and print
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the output when they complete.
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Watch the intro video for a quick introduction:
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https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL284C9FF2488BC6D1
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Walk through the tutorial (man parallel_tutorial). You command line
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will love you for it.
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When using programs that use GNU Parallel to process data for
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publication please cite:
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Tange, O. (2021, March 22). GNU Parallel 20210322 ('2002-01-06').
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Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4628277
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Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015,
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2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk and
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Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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= New versions =
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New versions will be released at: https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parallel/
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= Dependencies =
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GNU Parallel should work with a normal full Perl installation. However,
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if you system has split up Perl into multiple packages then these are
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the important ones:
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opkg install perlbase-getopt perlbase-ipc procps-ng-ps perlbase-mime
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