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338 lines
10 KiB
Perl
338 lines
10 KiB
Perl
package File::Spec;
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use strict;
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use vars qw(@ISA $VERSION);
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$VERSION = '3.33';
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$VERSION = eval $VERSION;
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my %module = (MacOS => 'Mac',
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MSWin32 => 'Win32',
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os2 => 'OS2',
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VMS => 'VMS',
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epoc => 'Epoc',
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NetWare => 'Win32', # Yes, File::Spec::Win32 works on NetWare.
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symbian => 'Win32', # Yes, File::Spec::Win32 works on symbian.
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dos => 'OS2', # Yes, File::Spec::OS2 works on DJGPP.
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cygwin => 'Cygwin');
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my $module = $module{$^O} || 'Unix';
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require "File/Spec/$module.pm";
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@ISA = ("File::Spec::$module");
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1;
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__END__
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=head1 NAME
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File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
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=head1 SYNOPSIS
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use File::Spec;
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$x=File::Spec->catfile('a', 'b', 'c');
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which returns 'a/b/c' under Unix. Or:
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use File::Spec::Functions;
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$x = catfile('a', 'b', 'c');
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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This module is designed to support operations commonly performed on file
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specifications (usually called "file names", but not to be confused with the
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contents of a file, or Perl's file handles), such as concatenating several
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directory and file names into a single path, or determining whether a path
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is rooted. It is based on code directly taken from MakeMaker 5.17, code
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written by Andreas KE<ouml>nig, Andy Dougherty, Charles Bailey, Ilya
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Zakharevich, Paul Schinder, and others.
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Since these functions are different for most operating systems, each set of
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OS specific routines is available in a separate module, including:
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File::Spec::Unix
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File::Spec::Mac
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File::Spec::OS2
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File::Spec::Win32
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File::Spec::VMS
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The module appropriate for the current OS is automatically loaded by
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File::Spec. Since some modules (like VMS) make use of facilities available
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only under that OS, it may not be possible to load all modules under all
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operating systems.
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Since File::Spec is object oriented, subroutines should not be called directly,
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as in:
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File::Spec::catfile('a','b');
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but rather as class methods:
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File::Spec->catfile('a','b');
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For simple uses, L<File::Spec::Functions> provides convenient functional
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forms of these methods.
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=head1 METHODS
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=over 2
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=item canonpath
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X<canonpath>
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No physical check on the filesystem, but a logical cleanup of a
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path.
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$cpath = File::Spec->canonpath( $path ) ;
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Note that this does *not* collapse F<x/../y> sections into F<y>. This
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is by design. If F</foo> on your system is a symlink to F</bar/baz>,
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then F</foo/../quux> is actually F</bar/quux>, not F</quux> as a naive
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F<../>-removal would give you. If you want to do this kind of
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processing, you probably want C<Cwd>'s C<realpath()> function to
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actually traverse the filesystem cleaning up paths like this.
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=item catdir
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X<catdir>
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Concatenate two or more directory names to form a complete path ending
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with a directory. But remove the trailing slash from the resulting
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string, because it doesn't look good, isn't necessary and confuses
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OS/2. Of course, if this is the root directory, don't cut off the
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trailing slash :-)
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$path = File::Spec->catdir( @directories );
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=item catfile
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X<catfile>
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Concatenate one or more directory names and a filename to form a
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complete path ending with a filename
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$path = File::Spec->catfile( @directories, $filename );
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=item curdir
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X<curdir>
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Returns a string representation of the current directory.
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$curdir = File::Spec->curdir();
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=item devnull
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X<devnull>
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Returns a string representation of the null device.
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$devnull = File::Spec->devnull();
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=item rootdir
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X<rootdir>
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Returns a string representation of the root directory.
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$rootdir = File::Spec->rootdir();
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=item tmpdir
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X<tmpdir>
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Returns a string representation of the first writable directory from a
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list of possible temporary directories. Returns the current directory
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if no writable temporary directories are found. The list of directories
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checked depends on the platform; e.g. File::Spec::Unix checks C<$ENV{TMPDIR}>
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(unless taint is on) and F</tmp>.
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$tmpdir = File::Spec->tmpdir();
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=item updir
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X<updir>
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Returns a string representation of the parent directory.
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$updir = File::Spec->updir();
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=item no_upwards
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Given a list of file names, strip out those that refer to a parent
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directory. (Does not strip symlinks, only '.', '..', and equivalents.)
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@paths = File::Spec->no_upwards( @paths );
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=item case_tolerant
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Returns a true or false value indicating, respectively, that alphabetic
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case is not or is significant when comparing file specifications.
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Cygwin and Win32 accept an optional drive argument.
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$is_case_tolerant = File::Spec->case_tolerant();
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=item file_name_is_absolute
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Takes as its argument a path, and returns true if it is an absolute path.
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$is_absolute = File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute( $path );
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This does not consult the local filesystem on Unix, Win32, OS/2, or
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Mac OS (Classic). It does consult the working environment for VMS
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(see L<File::Spec::VMS/file_name_is_absolute>).
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=item path
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X<path>
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Takes no argument. Returns the environment variable C<PATH> (or the local
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platform's equivalent) as a list.
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@PATH = File::Spec->path();
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=item join
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X<join, path>
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join is the same as catfile.
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=item splitpath
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X<splitpath> X<split, path>
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Splits a path in to volume, directory, and filename portions. On systems
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with no concept of volume, returns '' for volume.
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($volume,$directories,$file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path );
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($volume,$directories,$file) = File::Spec->splitpath( $path, $no_file );
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For systems with no syntax differentiating filenames from directories,
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assumes that the last file is a path unless C<$no_file> is true or a
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trailing separator or F</.> or F</..> is present. On Unix, this means that C<$no_file>
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true makes this return ( '', $path, '' ).
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The directory portion may or may not be returned with a trailing '/'.
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The results can be passed to L</catpath()> to get back a path equivalent to
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(usually identical to) the original path.
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=item splitdir
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X<splitdir> X<split, dir>
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The opposite of L</catdir>.
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@dirs = File::Spec->splitdir( $directories );
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C<$directories> must be only the directory portion of the path on systems
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that have the concept of a volume or that have path syntax that differentiates
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files from directories.
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Unlike just splitting the directories on the separator, empty
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directory names (C<''>) can be returned, because these are significant
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on some OSes.
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=item catpath()
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Takes volume, directory and file portions and returns an entire path. Under
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Unix, C<$volume> is ignored, and directory and file are concatenated. A '/' is
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inserted if need be. On other OSes, C<$volume> is significant.
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$full_path = File::Spec->catpath( $volume, $directory, $file );
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=item abs2rel
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X<abs2rel> X<absolute, path> X<relative, path>
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Takes a destination path and an optional base path returns a relative path
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from the base path to the destination path:
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$rel_path = File::Spec->abs2rel( $path ) ;
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$rel_path = File::Spec->abs2rel( $path, $base ) ;
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If C<$base> is not present or '', then L<Cwd::cwd()|Cwd> is used. If C<$base> is
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relative, then it is converted to absolute form using
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L</rel2abs()>. This means that it is taken to be relative to
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L<Cwd::cwd()|Cwd>.
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On systems with the concept of volume, if C<$path> and C<$base> appear to be
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on two different volumes, we will not attempt to resolve the two
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paths, and we will instead simply return C<$path>. Note that previous
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versions of this module ignored the volume of C<$base>, which resulted in
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garbage results part of the time.
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On systems that have a grammar that indicates filenames, this ignores the
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C<$base> filename as well. Otherwise all path components are assumed to be
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directories.
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If C<$path> is relative, it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>.
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This means that it is taken to be relative to L<Cwd::cwd()|Cwd>.
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No checks against the filesystem are made. On VMS, there is
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interaction with the working environment, as logicals and
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macros are expanded.
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Based on code written by Shigio Yamaguchi.
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=item rel2abs()
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X<rel2abs> X<absolute, path> X<relative, path>
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Converts a relative path to an absolute path.
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$abs_path = File::Spec->rel2abs( $path ) ;
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$abs_path = File::Spec->rel2abs( $path, $base ) ;
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If C<$base> is not present or '', then L<Cwd::cwd()|Cwd> is used. If C<$base> is relative,
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then it is converted to absolute form using L</rel2abs()>. This means that it
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is taken to be relative to L<Cwd::cwd()|Cwd>.
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On systems with the concept of volume, if C<$path> and C<$base> appear to be
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on two different volumes, we will not attempt to resolve the two
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paths, and we will instead simply return C<$path>. Note that previous
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versions of this module ignored the volume of C<$base>, which resulted in
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garbage results part of the time.
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On systems that have a grammar that indicates filenames, this ignores the
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C<$base> filename as well. Otherwise all path components are assumed to be
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directories.
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If C<$path> is absolute, it is cleaned up and returned using L</canonpath>.
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No checks against the filesystem are made. On VMS, there is
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interaction with the working environment, as logicals and
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macros are expanded.
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Based on code written by Shigio Yamaguchi.
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=back
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For further information, please see L<File::Spec::Unix>,
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L<File::Spec::Mac>, L<File::Spec::OS2>, L<File::Spec::Win32>, or
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L<File::Spec::VMS>.
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=head1 SEE ALSO
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L<File::Spec::Unix>, L<File::Spec::Mac>, L<File::Spec::OS2>,
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L<File::Spec::Win32>, L<File::Spec::VMS>, L<File::Spec::Functions>,
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L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>
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=head1 AUTHOR
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Currently maintained by Ken Williams C<< <KWILLIAMS@cpan.org> >>.
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The vast majority of the code was written by
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Kenneth Albanowski C<< <kjahds@kjahds.com> >>,
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Andy Dougherty C<< <doughera@lafayette.edu> >>,
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Andreas KE<ouml>nig C<< <A.Koenig@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE> >>,
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Tim Bunce C<< <Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk> >>.
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VMS support by Charles Bailey C<< <bailey@newman.upenn.edu> >>.
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OS/2 support by Ilya Zakharevich C<< <ilya@math.ohio-state.edu> >>.
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Mac support by Paul Schinder C<< <schinder@pobox.com> >>, and
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Thomas Wegner C<< <wegner_thomas@yahoo.com> >>.
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abs2rel() and rel2abs() written by Shigio Yamaguchi C<< <shigio@tamacom.com> >>,
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modified by Barrie Slaymaker C<< <barries@slaysys.com> >>.
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splitpath(), splitdir(), catpath() and catdir() by Barrie Slaymaker.
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=head1 COPYRIGHT
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Copyright (c) 2004-2010 by the Perl 5 Porters. All rights reserved.
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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the same terms as Perl itself.
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=cut
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