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### test parallel_tutorial
parallel -k echo ::: A B C > abc-file
parallel -k echo ::: D E F > def-file
perl -e 'printf "A\0B\0C\0"' > abc0-file
perl -e 'printf "A_B_C_"' > abc_-file
perl -e 'printf "f1\tf2\nA\tB\nC\tD\n"' > tsv-file.tsv
perl -e 'for(1..8){print "$_\n"}' > num8
perl -e 'for(1..128){print "$_\n"}' > num128
perl -e 'for(1..30000){print "$_\n"}' > num30000
perl -e 'for(1..1000000){print "$_\n"}' > num1000000
(echo %head1; echo %head2; perl -e 'for(1..10){print "$_\n"}') > num_%header
sleep .3
sleep .3
sleep .3
sleep .3
sleep .3
sleep .3
sleep .3
sleep .3
sleep .3
sleep .3
parallel echo ::: A B C
A
B
C
parallel -a abc-file echo
A
B
C
cat abc-file | parallel echo
A
B
C
parallel echo ::: A B C ::: D E F
A D
A E
A F
B D
B E
B F
C D
C E
C F
parallel -a abc-file -a def-file echo
A D
A E
A F
B D
B E
B F
C D
C E
C F
cat abc-file | parallel -a - -a def-file echo
A D
A E
A F
B D
B E
B F
C D
C E
C F
cat abc-file | parallel echo :::: - def-file
A D
A E
A F
B D
B E
B F
C D
C E
C F
parallel echo ::: A B C :::: def-file
A D
A E
A F
B D
B E
B F
C D
C E
C F
parallel --xapply echo ::: A B C ::: D E F
A D
B E
C F
parallel --xapply echo ::: A B C D E ::: F G
A F
B G
C F
D G
E F
parallel --arg-sep ,, echo ,, A B C :::: def-file
A D
A E
A F
B D
B E
B F
C D
C E
C F
parallel --arg-file-sep // echo ::: A B C // def-file
A D
A E
A F
B D
B E
B F
C D
C E
C F
parallel -d _ echo :::: abc_-file
A
B
C
parallel -d '\0' echo :::: abc0-file
A
B
C
parallel -E stop echo ::: A B stop C D
A
B
(echo 1; echo; echo 2) | parallel --no-run-if-empty echo
1
2
parallel ::: ls 'echo foo' pwd
abc-file
abc0-file
abc_-file
def-file
num1000000
num128
num30000
num8
num_%header
tsv-file.tsv
foo
/home/tange/privat/parallel/testsuite/tmp
my_func() {
echo in my_func $1
}
export -f my_func
parallel my_func ::: 1 2 3
in my_func 1
in my_func 2
in my_func 3
parallel echo ::: A/B.C
A/B.C
parallel echo {} ::: A/B.C
A/B.C
parallel echo {.} ::: A/B.C
A/B
parallel echo {/} ::: A/B.C
B.C
parallel echo {//} ::: A/B.C
A
parallel echo {/.} ::: A/B.C
B
parallel echo {#} ::: A B C
1
2
3
parallel -j 2 echo {%} ::: A B C
1
2
1
parallel -I ,, echo ,, ::: A/B.C
A/B.C
parallel --extensionreplace ,, echo ,, ::: A/B.C
A/B
parallel --basenamereplace ,, echo ,, ::: A/B.C
B.C
parallel --dirnamereplace ,, echo ,, ::: A/B.C
A
parallel --basenameextensionreplace ,, echo ,, ::: A/B.C
B
parallel --seqreplace ,, echo ,, ::: A B C
1
2
3
parallel -j2 --slotreplace ,, echo ,, ::: A B C
1
2
1
parallel echo '{= s:\.[^.]+$::;s:\.[^.]+$::; =}' ::: foo.tar.gz
foo
parallel echo Job {#} of {= '$_=total_jobs()' =} ::: {1..5}
Job 1 of 5
Job 2 of 5
Job 3 of 5
Job 4 of 5
Job 5 of 5
parallel echo {} shell quoted is {= '$_=Q($_)' =} ::: '*/!#$'
*/!#$ shell quoted is \*/\!\#\$
parallel echo {= 'if($_==3) { $job->skip() }' =} ::: {1..5}
1
2
4
5
parallel echo {= 'if($arg[1]==$arg[2]) { $job->skip() }' =} ::: {1..3} ::: {1..3}
1 2
1 3
2 1
2 3
3 1
3 2
parallel --parens ,,,, echo ',, s:\.[^.]+$::;s:\.[^.]+$::; ,,' ::: foo.tar.gz
foo
parallel --rpl '.. s:\.[^.]+$::;s:\.[^.]+$::;' echo '..' ::: foo.tar.gz
foo
parallel --rpl '{..} s:\.[^.]+$::;s:\.[^.]+$::;' echo '{..}' ::: foo.tar.gz
foo
--rpl '{} '
--rpl '{#} $_=$job->seq()'
--rpl '{%} $_=$job->slot()'
--rpl '{/} s:.*/::'
--rpl '{//} $Global::use{"File::Basename"} ||= eval "use File::Basename; 1;"; $_ = dirname($_);'
--rpl '{/.} s:.*/::; s:\.[^/.]+$::;'
--rpl '{.} s:\.[^/.]+$::'
/bin/bash: --rpl: command not found
/bin/bash: line 1: --rpl: command not found
/bin/bash: line 2: --rpl: command not found
/bin/bash: line 3: --rpl: command not found
/bin/bash: line 4: --rpl: command not found
/bin/bash: line 5: --rpl: command not found
/bin/bash: line 6: --rpl: command not found
parallel echo {1} and {2} ::: A B ::: C D
A and C
A and D
B and C
B and D
parallel echo /={1/} //={1//} /.={1/.} .={1.} ::: A/B.C D/E.F
/=B.C //=A /.=B .=A/B
/=E.F //=D /.=E .=D/E
parallel echo 1={1} 2={2} 3={3} -1={-1} -2={-2} -3={-3} ::: A B ::: C D ::: E F
1=A 2=C 3=E -1=E -2=C -3=A
1=A 2=C 3=F -1=F -2=C -3=A
1=A 2=D 3=E -1=E -2=D -3=A
1=A 2=D 3=F -1=F -2=D -3=A
1=B 2=C 3=E -1=E -2=C -3=B
1=B 2=C 3=F -1=F -2=C -3=B
1=B 2=D 3=E -1=E -2=D -3=B
1=B 2=D 3=F -1=F -2=D -3=B
parallel echo '{=2 s:\.[^.]+$::;s:\.[^.]+$::; =} {1}' ::: bar ::: foo.tar.gz
foo bar
parallel --rpl '{..} s:\.[^.]+$::;s:\.[^.]+$::;' echo '{2..} {1}' ::: bar ::: foo.tar.gz
foo bar
parallel --colsep '\t' echo 1={1} 2={2} :::: tsv-file.tsv
1=f1 2=f2
1=A 2=B
1=C 2=D
parallel --header : echo f1={f1} f2={f2} ::: f1 A B ::: f2 C D
f1=A f2=C
f1=A f2=D
f1=B f2=C
f1=B f2=D
parallel --header : --colsep '\t' echo f1={f1} f2={f2} :::: tsv-file.tsv
f1=A f2=B
f1=C f2=D
parallel --plus echo {} ::: dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
parallel --plus echo {+/}/{/} ::: dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
parallel --plus echo {.}.{+.} ::: dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
parallel --plus echo {+/}/{/.}.{+.} ::: dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
parallel --plus echo {..}.{+..} ::: dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
parallel --plus echo {+/}/{/..}.{+..} ::: dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
parallel --plus echo {...}.{+...} ::: dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
parallel --plus echo {+/}/{/...}.{+...} ::: dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
dir/sub/file.ext1.ext2.ext3
parallel --plus echo Job {#} of {##} ::: {1..5}
Job 1 of 5
Job 2 of 5
Job 3 of 5
Job 4 of 5
Job 5 of 5
cat num30000 | parallel --xargs echo | wc -l
3
cat num30000 | parallel --xargs -s 10000 echo | wc -l
17
cat num30000 | parallel --jobs 4 -m echo | wc -l
6
parallel --jobs 4 -m echo ::: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10
parallel --jobs 4 -X echo pre-{}-post ::: A B C D E F G
pre-A-post pre-B-post
pre-C-post pre-D-post
pre-E-post pre-F-post
pre-G-post
parallel -N3 echo ::: A B C D E F G H
A B C
D E F
G H
parallel -N3 echo 1={1} 2={2} 3={3} ::: A B C D E F G H
1=A 2=B 3=C
1=D 2=E 3=F
1=G 2=H 3=
parallel -N0 echo foo ::: 1 2 3
foo
foo
foo
perl -e 'print "@ARGV\n"' A
A
parallel perl -e 'print "@ARGV\n"' ::: This wont work
parallel: Warning: Input is read from the terminal. Only experts do this on purpose. Press CTRL-D to exit.
perl -e 'print "@ARGV\n"'
[CTRL-D]
/bin/bash: line 1: parallel:: command not found
/bin/bash: line 3: [CTRL-D]: command not found
parallel --trim r echo pre-{}-post ::: ' A '
pre- A-post
parallel --trim l echo pre-{}-post ::: ' A '
pre-A -post
parallel --trim lr echo pre-{}-post ::: ' A '
pre-A-post
parallel --tag echo foo-{} ::: A B C
A foo-A
B foo-B
C foo-C
parallel --tagstring {}-bar echo foo-{} ::: A B C
A-bar foo-A
B-bar foo-B
C-bar foo-C
parallel --dryrun echo {} ::: A B C
echo A
echo B
echo C
parallel --verbose echo {} ::: A B C
A
B
C
echo A
echo B
echo C
parallel -j2 'printf "%s-start\n%s" {} {};sleep {};printf "%s\n" -middle;echo {}-end' ::: 4 2 1
4-start
4-middle
4-end
2-start
2-middle
2-end
1-start
1-middle
1-end
parallel -j2 --ungroup 'printf "%s-start\n%s" {} {};sleep {};printf "%s\n" -middle;echo {}-end' ::: 4 2 1
4-start
42-start
2-middle
2-end
1-start
1-middle
1-end
-middle
4-end
parallel -j2 --linebuffer 'printf "%s-start\n%s" {} {};sleep {};printf "%s\n" -middle;echo {}-end' ::: 4 2 1
4-start
2-start
2-middle
2-end
1-start
1-middle
1-end
4-middle
4-end
parallel -j2 -k 'printf "%s-start\n%s" {} {};sleep {};printf "%s\n" -middle;echo {}-end' ::: 4 2 1
4-start
4-middle
4-end
2-start
2-middle
2-end
1-start
1-middle
1-end
parallel --files echo ::: A B C
/tmp/parallel-tutorial/parXXXXX.par
/tmp/parallel-tutorial/parXXXXX.par
/tmp/parallel-tutorial/parXXXXX.par
parallel --tmpdir /var/tmp --files echo ::: A B C
/var/tmp/parXXXXX.par
/var/tmp/parXXXXX.par
/var/tmp/parXXXXX.par
parallel --results outdir echo ::: A B C
A
B
C
outdir/1/A/seq
outdir/1/A/stderr
outdir/1/A/stdout
outdir/1/B/seq
outdir/1/B/stderr
outdir/1/B/stdout
outdir/1/C/seq
outdir/1/C/stderr
outdir/1/C/stdout
/bin/bash: outdir/1/A/seq: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 1: outdir/1/A/stderr: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 2: outdir/1/A/stdout: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 3: outdir/1/B/seq: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 4: outdir/1/B/stderr: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 5: outdir/1/B/stdout: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 6: outdir/1/C/seq: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 7: outdir/1/C/stderr: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 8: outdir/1/C/stdout: No such file or directory
parallel --header : --results outdir echo ::: f1 A B ::: f2 C D
A C
A D
B C
B D
outdir/f1/A/f2/C/seq
outdir/f1/A/f2/C/stderr
outdir/f1/A/f2/C/stdout
outdir/f1/A/f2/D/seq
outdir/f1/A/f2/D/stderr
outdir/f1/A/f2/D/stdout
outdir/f1/B/f2/C/seq
outdir/f1/B/f2/C/stderr
outdir/f1/B/f2/C/stdout
outdir/f1/B/f2/D/seq
outdir/f1/B/f2/D/stderr
outdir/f1/B/f2/D/stdout
/bin/bash: outdir/f1/A/f2/C/seq: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 1: outdir/f1/A/f2/C/stderr: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 2: outdir/f1/A/f2/C/stdout: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 3: outdir/f1/A/f2/D/seq: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 4: outdir/f1/A/f2/D/stderr: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 5: outdir/f1/A/f2/D/stdout: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 6: outdir/f1/B/f2/C/seq: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 7: outdir/f1/B/f2/C/stderr: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 8: outdir/f1/B/f2/C/stdout: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 9: outdir/f1/B/f2/D/seq: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 10: outdir/f1/B/f2/D/stderr: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: line 11: outdir/f1/B/f2/D/stdout: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/time -f %e parallel -N0 -j64 sleep 1 :::: num128
2
/usr/bin/time -f %e parallel -N0 sleep 1 :::: num128
16
/usr/bin/time -f %e parallel -N0 --jobs 200% sleep 1 :::: num128
8
/usr/bin/time -f %e parallel -N0 --jobs 0 sleep 1 :::: num128
1
echo 50% > my_jobs
/usr/bin/time -f %e parallel -N0 --jobs my_jobs sleep 1 :::: num128 &
sleep 1
echo 0 > my_jobs
wait
3
parallel --use-cpus-instead-of-cores -N0 sleep 1 :::: num8
parallel --shuf echo ::: 1 2 3 ::: a b c ::: A B C
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
123 abc ABC
seq 10 20 | parallel --tmux 'echo start {}; sleep {}; echo done {}'
See output with: tmux -S /tmp/parallel-tutorial/tmsXXXXX attach
tmux -S /tmp/tmsXXXXX attach
no sessions
parallel --delay 2.5 echo Starting {}\;date ::: 1 2 3
Starting 1
DATE OUTPUT
Starting 2
DATE OUTPUT
Starting 3
DATE OUTPUT
parallel --timeout 4.1 sleep {}\; echo {} ::: 2 4 6 8
2
4
parallel --timeout 200% sleep {}\; echo {} ::: 2.1 2.2 3 7 2.3
2
2
3
2
parallel --eta sleep ::: 1 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 1
Computers / CPU cores / Max jobs to run
1:local / 8 / 8
Computer:jobs running/jobs completed/%of started jobs/Average seconds to complete
parallel --progress sleep ::: 1 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 1
Computers / CPU cores / Max jobs to run
1:local / 8 / 8
Computer:jobs running/jobs completed/%of started jobs/Average seconds to complete
seq 1000 | parallel -j10 --bar '(echo -n {};sleep 0.1)' 2> >(zenity --timeout=12 --progress --auto-kill)
BASE64 parallel --joblog /tmp/log exit ::: 1 2 3 0
cat /tmp/log;
parallel --joblog /tmp/log exit ::: 1 2 3 0
cat /tmp/log; parallel --resume --joblog /tmp/log exit ::: 1 2 3 0 0 0
cat /tmp/log;
parallel --resume-failed --joblog /tmp/log exit ::: 1 2 3 0 0 0
cat /tmp/log;
parallel --resume-failed --joblog /tmp/log
cat /tmp/log;
parallel -j2 --halt soon,fail=1 echo {}\; exit {} ::: 0 0 1 2 3
Seq Host Starttime JobRuntime Send Receive Exitval Signal Command
1 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 1 0 exit 1
2 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 2 0 exit 2
3 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 3 0 exit 3
4 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 0 0 exit 0
Seq Host Starttime JobRuntime Send Receive Exitval Signal Command
1 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 1 0 exit 1
2 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 2 0 exit 2
3 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 3 0 exit 3
4 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 0 0 exit 0
Seq Host Starttime JobRuntime Send Receive Exitval Signal Command
1 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 1 0 exit 1
2 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 2 0 exit 2
3 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 3 0 exit 3
4 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 0 0 exit 0
5 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 0 0 exit 0
6 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 0 0 exit 0
Seq Host Starttime JobRuntime Send Receive Exitval Signal Command
1 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 1 0 exit 1
2 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 2 0 exit 2
3 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 3 0 exit 3
4 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 0 0 exit 0
5 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 0 0 exit 0
6 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 0 0 exit 0
1 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 1 0 exit 1
2 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 2 0 exit 2
3 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 3 0 exit 3
Seq Host Starttime JobRuntime Send Receive Exitval Signal Command
1 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 1 0 exit 1
2 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 2 0 exit 2
3 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 3 0 exit 3
4 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 0 0 exit 0
5 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 0 0 exit 0
6 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 0 0 exit 0
1 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 1 0 exit 1
2 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 2 0 exit 2
3 : TIMESTAMP 9.999 0 0 3 0 exit 3
0
0
1
2
parallel: This job failed:
echo X; exit X
parallel: Starting no more jobs. Waiting for 1 jobs to finish.
parallel: This job failed:
echo X; exit X
parallel -j2 --halt now,fail=1 echo {}\; exit {} ::: 0 0 1 2 3
0
0
1
parallel: This job failed:
echo X; exit X
parallel -j2 --halt soon,fail=20% echo {}\; exit {} ::: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0
1
2
3
parallel: This job failed:
echo X; exit X
parallel: This job failed:
echo X; exit X
parallel: Starting no more jobs. Waiting for 1 jobs to finish.
parallel: This job failed:
echo X; exit X
parallel -j2 --halt now,success=1 echo {}\; exit {} ::: 1 2 3 0 4 5 6
1
2
3
0
parallel: This job succeeded:
echo X; exit X
parallel -k --retries 3 'echo tried {} >>/tmp/runs; echo completed {}; exit {}' ::: 1 2 0
cat /tmp/runs
completed 1
completed 2
completed 0
tried 1
tried 0
tried 1
tried 1
show_signals() {
perl -e 'for(keys %SIG) { $SIG{$_} = eval "sub { print \"Got $_\\n\"; }";} while(1){sleep 1}'
}
export -f show_signals
echo | parallel --termseq TERM,200,TERM,100,TERM,50,KILL,25 -u --timeout 1 show_signals
echo | parallel --termseq INT,200,TERM,100,KILL,25 -u --timeout 1 show_signals
/bin/bash: show_signals: command not found
parallel --load 100% echo load is less than {} job per cpu ::: 1
load is less than 1 job per cpu
parallel --noswap echo the system is not swapping ::: now
the system is not swapping now
parallel --memfree 1G echo will run if more than 1 GB is ::: free
will run if more than 1 GB is free
parallel --nice 17 echo this is being run with nice -n ::: 17
this is being run with nice -n 17
parallel -S $SERVER1 echo running on ::: $SERVER1
running on parallel@lo
parallel -S $SERVER1 echo running on ::: username@$SERVER1
running on username@parallel@lo
parallel -S : echo running on ::: the_local_machine
running on the_local_machine
parallel -S '/usr/bin/ssh '$SERVER1 echo custom ::: ssh
custom ssh
parallel --ssh /usr/bin/ssh -S $SERVER1 echo custom ::: ssh
custom ssh
export PARALLEL_SSH=/usr/bin/ssh
parallel -S $SERVER1 echo custom ::: ssh
custom ssh
parallel -S $SERVER1 -S $SERVER2 echo ::: running on more hosts
running
on
more
hosts
echo $SERVER1 > nodefile
# Force 4 cores, special ssh-command, username
echo 4//usr/bin/ssh $SERVER2 >> nodefile
parallel --sshloginfile nodefile echo ::: running on more hosts
running
on
more
hosts
parallel -S 4/$SERVER1 echo force {} cpus on server ::: 4
force 4 cpus on server
parallel --hostgroup -S @grp1/$SERVER1 -S @grp2/$SERVER2 echo {} ::: \
run_on_grp1@grp1 run_on_grp2@grp2
run_on_grp1
run_on_grp2
echo This is input_file > input_file
parallel -S $SERVER1 --transferfile {} cat ::: input_file
This is input_file
echo This is input_file > input_file
parallel -S $SERVER1 --transferfile {} --return {}.out cat {} ">"{}.out ::: input_file
cat input_file.out
This is input_file
echo This is input_file > input_file
parallel -S $SERVER1 --transferfile {} --return {}.out --cleanup cat {} ">"{}.out ::: input_file
cat input_file.out
This is input_file
echo This is input_file > input_file
parallel -S $SERVER1 --trc {}.out cat {} ">"{}.out ::: input_file
cat input_file.out
This is input_file
echo common data > common_file
parallel --basefile common_file -S $SERVER1 cat common_file\; echo {} ::: foo
common data
foo
parallel -S $SERVER1 pwd ::: ""
parallel --workdir . -S $SERVER1 pwd ::: ""
parallel --workdir ... -S $SERVER1 pwd ::: ""
/home/parallel
/home/parallel/privat/parallel/testsuite/tmp
/home/parallel/.TMPWORKDIR
parallel -S $SERVER1 --sshdelay 0.2 echo ::: 1 2 3
1
2
3
parallel --controlmaster -S $SERVER1 echo ::: 1 2 3
1
2
3
parallel --filter-hosts -S 173.194.32.46,$SERVER1 echo ::: bar
bar
parallel: Warning: Removed 173.194.32.46.
parallel --onall -S $SERVER1,$SERVER2 echo ::: foo bar
foo
bar
foo
bar
parallel --nonall --tag -S $SERVER1,$SERVER2 echo foo bar
csh@lo foo bar
parallel@lo foo bar
MYVAR='foo bar'
export MYVAR
parallel --env MYVAR -S $SERVER1 echo '$MYVAR' ::: baz
foo bar baz
my_func() {
echo in my_func $1
}
export -f my_func
parallel --env my_func -S $SERVER1 my_func ::: baz
in my_func baz
parallel --record-env
cat ~/.parallel/ignored_vars|sort
BASH_FUNC_run_test%%
CLUTTER_IM_MODULE
COLORFGBG
DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
DEBEMAIL
DEBFULLNAME
DEFAULTS_PATH
DESKTOP_SESSION
DISPLAY
DM_CONTROL
GLADE_CATALOG_PATH
GLADE_MODULE_PATH
GLADE_PIXMAP_PATH
GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL
GNOME_KEYRING_PID
GPG_AGENT_INFO
GTK_IM_MODULE
HISTCONTROL
HOME
IM_CONFIG_PHASE
INSTANCE
JAVA_HOME
JDK_HOME
JOB
KONSOLE_DBUS_SERVICE
KONSOLE_DBUS_SESSION
KONSOLE_DBUS_WINDOW
KONSOLE_PROFILE_NAME
LANG
LANGUAGE
LESS
LESSCLOSE
LESSOPEN
LOGNAME
LS_COLORS
MAKEFLAGS
MAKELEVEL
MANDATORY_PATH
MFLAGS
MOZ_NO_REMOTE
ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID
PARALLEL
PARALLEL_PID
PARALLEL_SEQ
PARALLEL_TMP
PATH
PERL_MB_OPT
PERL_MM_OPT
PROFILEHOME
PWD
QT4_IM_MODULE
QT_IM_MODULE
SELINUX_INIT
SERVER1
SERVER2
SESSION
SESSIONTYPE
SESSION_MANAGER
SHELL
SHELL_SESSION_ID
SHLVL
SSH_AGENT_PID
SSH_AUTH_SOCK
TERM
TEXTDOMAIN
TEXTDOMAINDIR
TIMEOUT
TMPDIR
TRIES
UPSTART_EVENTS
UPSTART_INSTANCE
UPSTART_JOB
UPSTART_SESSION
USER
VISUAL
WINDOWID
WINDOWPATH
XDG_CONFIG_DIRS
XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP
XDG_DATA_DIRS
XDG_MENU_PREFIX
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
XDG_SEAT
XDG_SESSION_ID
XDG_VTNR
XDM_MANAGED
XMODIFIERS
_
# The function is only copied if using Bash
my_func2() {
echo in my_func2 $VAR $1
}
export -f my_func2
VAR=foo
export VAR
parallel --env _ -S $SERVER1 'echo $VAR; my_func2' ::: bar
/bin/bash: my_func2: command not found
parallel -vv -S $SERVER1 echo ::: bar
ssh -l parallel lo -- exec perl -e \''@GNU_Parallel=("use","IPC::Open3;","use","MIME::Base64");eval"@GNU_Parallel";my$eval;$eval=decode_base64(join"",@ARGV);eval$eval;'\' BASE64;
bar
my_func3() {
echo in my_func $1 > $1.out
}
export -f my_func3
parallel -vv --workdir ... --nice 17 --env _ --trc {}.out -S $SERVER1 my_func3 {} ::: abc-file
( ssh -l parallel lo -- mkdir -p ./.TMPWORKDIR;rsync --protocol 30 -rlDzR -essh\ -l\ parallel ./abc-file lo:./.TMPWORKDIR );ssh -l parallel lo -- exec perl -e \''@GNU_Parallel=("use","IPC::Open3;","use","MIME::Base64");eval"@GNU_Parallel";my$eval;$eval=decode_base64(join"",@ARGV);eval$eval;'\' BASE64 BASE64;_EXIT_status=$?; mkdir -p ./.; rsync --protocol 30 --rsync-path=cd\ ./.TMPWORKDIR/./.\;\ rsync -rlDzR -essh\ -l\ parallel lo:./abc-file.out ./.;ssh -l parallel lo -- \(rm\ -f\ ./.TMPWORKDIR/abc-file\;\ sh\ -c\ \'rmdir\ ./.TMPWORKDIR/\ ./.parallel/tmp/\ ./.parallel/\ 2\>/dev/null\'\;rm\ -rf\ ./.TMPWORKDIR\;\);ssh -l parallel lo -- \(rm\ -f\ ./.TMPWORKDIR/abc-file.out\;\ sh\ -c\ \'rmdir\ ./.TMPWORKDIR/\ ./.parallel/tmp/\ ./.parallel/\ 2\>/dev/null\'\;rm\ -rf\ ./.TMPWORKDIR\;\);ssh -l parallel lo -- rm -rf .TMPWORKDIR; exit $_EXIT_status;
vendor://[[user][:password]@][host][:port]/[database[/table]
/bin/bash: vendor://[[user][:password]@][host][:port]/[database[/table]: No such file or directory
sqlite3:///%2Ftmp%2Fmydatabase/mytable
/bin/bash: sqlite3:///%2Ftmp%2Fmydatabase/mytable: No such file or directory
DBURL=sqlite3:///%2Ftmp%2Fmydatabase
DBURLTABLE=$DBURL/mytable
parallel --sqlandworker $DBURLTABLE echo ::: foo bar ::: baz quuz
foo baz
foo quuz
bar baz
bar quuz
sql $DBURL 'SELECT * FROM mytable ORDER BY Seq;'
Error:
SELECT * FROM mytable ORDER BY Seq; is not a valid DBURL
sql [-hnr] [--table-size] [--db-size] [-p pass-through] [-s string] dburl [command]
parallel --sql $DBURLTABLE echo ::: foo bar ::: baz quuz
parallel: Error: echo is not a valid DBURL
parallel --sqlworker $DBURLTABLE echo ::: foo bar ::: baz quuz
parallel: Error: echo is not a valid DBURL
cat num1000000 | parallel --pipe wc
165668 165668 1048571
149796 149796 1048572
149796 149796 1048572
149796 149796 1048572
149796 149796 1048572
149796 149796 1048572
85352 85352 597465
cat num1000000 | parallel --pipe --block 2M wc
315465 315465 2097150
299593 299593 2097151
299593 299593 2097151
85349 85349 597444
cat num1000000 | parallel --pipe -j4 --round-robin wc
315464 315464 2097143
299592 299592 2097144
235148 235148 1646037
149796 149796 1048572
cat num1000000 | parallel --pipe -N140000 wc
140000 140000 868895
140000 140000 980000
140000 140000 980000
140000 140000 980000
140000 140000 980000
140000 140000 980000
140000 140000 980000
20000 20000 140001
cat num1000000 | parallel --pipe -L75 wc
165600 165600 1048095
149775 149775 1048425
149775 149775 1048425
149775 149775 1048425
149775 149775 1048425
149775 149775 1048425
85500 85500 598500
25 25 176
echo /foo, bar/, /baz, qux/, | parallel -kN1 --recend ', ' --pipe echo JOB{#}\;cat\;echo END
JOB1
/foo, END
JOB2
bar/, END
JOB3
/baz, END
JOB4
qux/,
END
echo /foo, bar/, /baz, qux/, | parallel -kN1 --recstart / --pipe echo JOB{#}\;cat\;echo END
JOB1
/foo, barEND
JOB2
/, END
JOB3
/baz, quxEND
JOB4
/,
END
echo /foo, bar/, /baz, qux/, | parallel -kN1 --recend ', ' --recstart / --pipe echo JOB{#}\;cat\;echo END
JOB1
/foo, bar/, END
JOB2
/baz, qux/,
END
echo foo,bar,_baz,__qux, | parallel -kN1 --regexp --recend ,_+ --pipe echo JOB{#}\;cat\;echo END
JOB1
foo,bar,_END
JOB2
baz,__END
JOB3
qux,
END
echo foo,bar,_baz,__qux, | parallel -kN1 --rrs --regexp --recend ,_+ --pipe echo JOB{#}\;cat\;echo END
JOB1
foo,barEND
JOB2
bazEND
JOB3
qux,
END
cat num_%header | parallel --header '(%.*\n)*' --pipe -N3 echo JOB{#}\;cat
JOB1
%head1
%head2
1
2
3
JOB2
%head1
%head2
4
5
6
JOB3
%head1
%head2
7
8
9
JOB4
%head1
%head2
10
cat num_%header | parallel --header 2 --pipe -N3 echo JOB{#}\;cat
JOB1
%head1
%head2
1
2
3
JOB2
%head1
%head2
4
5
6
JOB3
%head1
%head2
7
8
9
JOB4
%head1
%head2
10
parallel --pipepart -a num1000000 --block 3m wc
444444 444444 3000003
428572 428572 3000004
126984 126984 888889
cat input_file | parallel command
/bin/bash: This is input_file: command not found
#!/bin/bash
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang -r echo
foo
bar
baz
/bin/bash: foo: command not found
/bin/bash: line 1: bar: command not found
/bin/bash: line 2: baz: command not found
cat input_file | parallel command
parallel command ::: foo bar
/bin/bash: This is input_file: command not found
/bin/bash: foo: command not found
/bin/bash: bar: command not found
cat input_file | command
command foo bar
/bin/bash: line 1: foo: command not found
#!/usr/bin/perl
print "@ARGV\n"
Warning: unknown mime-type for "@ARGV\n" -- using "application/octet-stream"
Error: no such file "@ARGV\n"
parallel perl_echo ::: foo bar
/bin/bash: perl_echo: command not found
/bin/bash: perl_echo: command not found
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap /usr/bin/perl
print "@ARGV\n"
Warning: unknown mime-type for "@ARGV\n" -- using "application/octet-stream"
Error: no such file "@ARGV\n"
perl_echo foo bar
/bin/bash: perl_echo: command not found
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap /usr/bin/perl
print "Arguments @ARGV\n";
Warning: unknown mime-type for "Arguments @ARGV\n" -- using "application/octet-stream"
Error: no such file "Arguments @ARGV\n"
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap /usr/bin/python
print 'Arguments', str(sys.argv)
/bin/bash: -c: line 3: syntax error near unexpected token `('
/bin/bash: -c: line 3: ` print 'Arguments', str(sys.argv)'
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap /bin/bash
echo Arguments "$@"
Arguments
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap /bin/csh
echo Arguments "$argv"
Arguments
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap /usr/bin/tclsh
puts "Arguments $argv"
/bin/bash: line 2: puts: command not found
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap /usr/bin/Rscript --vanilla --slave
args <- commandArgs(trailingOnly = TRUE)
print(paste("Arguments ",args))
/bin/bash: -c: line 2: syntax error near unexpected token `('
/bin/bash: -c: line 2: ` args <- commandArgs(trailingOnly = TRUE)'
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap ARG={} /usr/bin/gnuplot
print "Arguments ", system('echo $ARG')
/bin/bash: -c: line 2: syntax error near unexpected token `('
/bin/bash: -c: line 2: ` print "Arguments ", system('echo $ARG')'
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap /usr/bin/ruby
print "Arguments "
puts ARGV
Warning: unknown mime-type for "Arguments " -- using "application/octet-stream"
Error: no such file "Arguments "
/bin/bash: line 3: puts: command not found
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap /usr/bin/octave
printf ("Arguments");
arg_list = argv ();
for i = 1:nargin
printf (" %s", arg_list{i});
endfor
printf ("\n");
/bin/bash: -c: line 2: syntax error near unexpected token `"Arguments"'
/bin/bash: -c: line 2: ` printf ("Arguments");'
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap /usr/bin/clisp
(format t "~&~S~&" 'Arguments)
(format t "~&~S~&" *args*)
/bin/bash: -c: line 2: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `''
/bin/bash: -c: line 4: syntax error: unexpected end of file
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap /usr/bin/php
<?php
echo "Arguments";
foreach(array_slice($argv,1) as $v)
{
echo " $v";
}
echo "\n";
?>
Arguments
/bin/bash: line 1: ?php: No such file or directory
/bin/bash: -c: line 3: syntax error near unexpected token `array_slice'
/bin/bash: -c: line 3: ` foreach(array_slice($argv,1) as $v)'
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap /usr/bin/node
var myArgs = process.argv.slice(2);
console.log('Arguments ', myArgs);
/bin/bash: -c: line 0: syntax error near unexpected token `('
/bin/bash: -c: line 0: ` var myArgs = process.argv.slice(2);'
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap /usr/bin/lua
io.write "Arguments"
for a = 1, #arg do
io.write(" ")
io.write(arg[a])
end
print("")
/bin/bash: line 2: io.write: command not found
/bin/bash: -c: line 3: syntax error near unexpected token `='
/bin/bash: -c: line 3: ` for a = 1, #arg do'
#!/usr/bin/parallel --shebang-wrap ARGV={} /usr/bin/csharp
var argv = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ARGV");
print("Arguments "+argv);
/bin/bash: -c: line 2: syntax error near unexpected token `('
/bin/bash: -c: line 2: ` var argv = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ARGV");'
sem 'sleep 1; echo The first finished' &&
echo The first is now running in the background &&
sem 'sleep 1; echo The second finished' &&
echo The second is now running in the background
sem --wait
The first is now running in the background
The first finished
The second is now running in the background
sem --fg 'sleep 1; echo The first finished' &&
echo The first finished running in the foreground &&
sem --fg 'sleep 1; echo The second finished' &&
echo The second finished running in the foreground
sem --wait
The first finished
The first finished running in the foreground
The second finished running in the foreground
sem --id my_id -u 'echo First started; sleep 10; echo The first finished'
First started
The first finished
sem --id my_id -u 'echo Second started; sleep 10; echo The second finished'
sem --jobs 3 --id my_id -u 'echo First started; sleep 5; echo The first finished' &&
sem --jobs 3 --id my_id -u 'echo Second started; sleep 6; echo The second finished' &&
sem --jobs 3 --id my_id -u 'echo Third started; sleep 7; echo The third finished' &&
sem --jobs 3 --id my_id -u 'echo Fourth started; sleep 8; echo The fourth finished' &&
sem --wait --id my_id
First started
The first finished
Third started
Fourth started
The third finished
The fourth finished
sem --id foo -u 'echo Slow started; sleep 5; echo Slow ended' &&
sem --id foo --semaphoretimeout 1 'echo Force this running after 1 sec' &&
sem --id foo --semaphoretimeout -2 'echo Give up after 1 sec'
sem --id foo --wait
Slow started
Force this running after 1 sec
Slow ended
parallel: Warning: Semaphore timed out. Stealing the semaphore.
parallel: Warning: Semaphore timed out. Exiting.
parallel --help
Usage:
parallel [options] [command [arguments]] < list_of_arguments
parallel [options] [command [arguments]] (::: arguments|:::: argfile(s))...
cat ... | parallel --pipe [options] [command [arguments]]
-j n Run n jobs in parallel
-k Keep same order
-X Multiple arguments with context replace
--colsep regexp Split input on regexp for positional replacements
{} {.} {/} {/.} {#} {%} {= perl code =} Replacement strings
{3} {3.} {3/} {3/.} {=3 perl code =} Positional replacement strings
With --plus: {} = {+/}/{/} = {.}.{+.} = {+/}/{/.}.{+.} = {..}.{+..} =
{+/}/{/..}.{+..} = {...}.{+...} = {+/}/{/...}.{+...}
-S sshlogin Example: foo@server.example.com
--slf .. Use ~/.parallel/sshloginfile as the list of sshlogins
--trc {}.bar Shorthand for --transfer --return {}.bar --cleanup
--onall Run the given command with argument on all sshlogins
--nonall Run the given command with no arguments on all sshlogins
--pipe Split stdin (standard input) to multiple jobs.
--recend str Record end separator for --pipe.
--recstart str Record start separator for --pipe.
See 'man parallel' for details
Academic tradition requires you to cite works you base your article on.
When using programs that use GNU Parallel to process data for publication
please cite:
O. Tange (2011): GNU Parallel - The Command-Line Power Tool,
;login: The USENIX Magazine, February 2011:42-47.
This helps funding further development; AND IT WON'T COST YOU A CENT.
If you pay 10000 EUR you should feel free to use GNU Parallel without citing.
parallel --minversion VERSION && echo Your version is at least VERSION.
VERSION
Your version is at least VERSION.
parallel --bibtex
Academic tradition requires you to cite works you base your article on.
When using programs that use GNU Parallel to process data for publication
please cite:
@article{Tange2011a,
title = {GNU Parallel - The Command-Line Power Tool},
author = {O. Tange},
address = {Frederiksberg, Denmark},
journal = {;login: The USENIX Magazine},
month = {Feb},
number = {1},
volume = {36},
url = {http://www.gnu.org/s/parallel},
year = {2011},
pages = {42-47},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.16303}
}
(Feel free to use \nocite{Tange2011a})
This helps funding further development; AND IT WON'T COST YOU A CENT.
If you pay 10000 EUR you should feel free to use GNU Parallel without citing.
If you send a copy of your published article to tange@gnu.org, it will be
mentioned in the release notes of next version of GNU Parallel.
parallel --max-line-length-allowed
131071
parallel --number-of-cpus
parallel --number-of-cores
1
8
echo '--nice 17' > ~/.parallel/nicetimeout
echo '--timeout 300%' >> ~/.parallel/nicetimeout
parallel --profile nicetimeout echo ::: A B C
A
B
C
echo '-vv --dry-run' > ~/.parallel/dryverbose
parallel --profile dryverbose --profile nicetimeout echo ::: A B C
echo A
echo B
echo C
7
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