This includes several breaking changes, but they’re easy to adjust for. Atom 1.0 is superior to RSS 2.0 in a number of ways, both technical and legal, though information from the last decade is hard to find. http://www.intertwingly.net/wiki/pie/Rss20AndAtom10Compared has some info which is probably still mostly correct. How do RSS and Atom compare in terms of implementation support? The impression I get is that proper Atom support in normal content websites has been universal for over twelve years, but that support in podcasts was not quite so good, but getting there, over twelve years ago. I have no more recent facts or figures; no one talks about this stuff these days. I remember investigating this stuff back in 2011–2013 and coming to the same conclusion. At that time, I went with Atom on websites and RSS in podcasts. Now I’d just go full Atom and hang any podcast tools that don’t support Atom, because Atom’s semantics truly are much better. In light of all this, I make the bold recommendation to default to Atom. Nonetheless, for compatibility for existing users, and for those that have Opinions, I’ve retained the RSS template, so that you can escape the breaking change easily. I personally prefer to give feeds a basename that doesn’t mention “Atom” or “RSS”, e.g. “feed.xml”. I’ll be doing that myself, as I’ll be using my own template with more Atom features anyway, like author information, taxonomies and making the title field HTML. Some notes about the Atom feed template: - I went with atom.xml rather than something like feed.atom (the .atom file format being registered for this purpose by RFC4287) due to lack of confidence that it’ll be served with the right MIME type. .xml is a safer default. - It might be nice to get Zola’s version number into the <generator> tag. Not for any particularly good reason, y’know. Just picture it: <generator uri="https://www.getzola.org/" version="0.10.0"> Zola </generator> - I’d like to get taxonomies into the feed, but this requires exposing a little more info than is currently exposed. I think it’d require `TaxonomyConfig` to preferably have a new member `permalink` added (which should be equivalent to something like `config.base_url ~ "/" ~ taxonomy.slug ~ "/"`), and for the feed to get all the taxonomies passed into it (`taxonomies: HashMap<String, TaxonomyTerm>`). Then, the template could be like this, inside the entry: {% for taxonomy, terms in page.taxonomies %} {% for term in terms %} <category scheme="{{ taxonomies[taxonomy].permalink }}" term="{{ term.slug }}" label="{{ term.name }}" /> {% endfor %} {% endfor %} Other remarks: - I have added a date field `extra.updated` to my posts and include that in the feed; I’ve observed others with a similar field. I believe this should be included as an official field. I’m inclined to add author to at least config.toml, too, for feeds. - We need to have a link from the docs to the source of the built-in templates, to help people that wish to alter it.
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title = "Overview"
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weight = 10
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+++
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Zola uses the [Tera](https://tera.netlify.com) template engine, which is very similar
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to Jinja2, Liquid and Twig.
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As this documentation will only talk about how templates work in Zola, please read
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the [Tera template documentation](https://tera.netlify.com/docs#templates) if you want
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to learn more about it first.
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All templates live in the `templates` directory. If you are not sure what variables are available in a template,
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you can place `{{ __tera_context }}` in the template to print the whole context.
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A few variables are available on all templates except feeds and the sitemap:
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- `config`: the [configuration](@/documentation/getting-started/configuration.md) without any modifications
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- `current_path`: the path (full URL without `base_url`) of the current page, never starting with a `/`
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- `current_url`: the full URL for the current page
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- `lang`: the language for the current page
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Config variables can be accessed like `config.variable`, in HTML for example with `{{ config.base_url }}`.
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The 404 template does not get `current_path` and `current_url` (this information cannot be determined).
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## Standard templates
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By default, Zola will look for three templates: `index.html`, which is applied
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to the site homepage; `section.html`, which is applied to all sections (any HTML
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page generated by creating a directory within your `content` directory); and
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`page.html`, which is applied to all pages (any HTML page generated by creating an
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`.md` file within your `content` directory).
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The homepage is always a section (regardless of whether it contains other pages).
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Thus, the `index.html` and `section.html` templates both have access to the
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section variables. The `page.html` template has access to the page variables.
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The page and section variables are described in more detail in the next section.
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## Built-in templates
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Zola comes with four built-in templates: `atom.xml` and `rss.xml` (described in
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[Feeds](@/documentation/templates/feeds.md)), `sitemap.xml` (described in [Sitemap](@/documentation/templates/sitemap.md)),
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and `robots.txt` (described in [Robots.txt](@/documentation/templates/robots.md)).
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Additionally, themes can add their own templates, which will be applied if not
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overridden. You can override built-in or theme templates by creating a template with
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the same name in the correct path. For example, you can override the Atom template by
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creating a `templates/atom.xml` file.
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## Custom templates
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In addition to the standard `index.html`, `section.html` and `page.html` templates,
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you may also create custom templates by creating an `.html` file in the `templates`
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directory. These custom templates will not be used by default. Instead, a custom template will _only_ be used if you apply it by setting the `template` front-matter variable to the path for that template (or if you `include` it in another template that is applied). For example, if you created a custom template for your site's About page called `about.html`, you could apply it to your `about.md` page by including the following front matter in your `about.md` page:
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```md
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+++
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title = "About Us"
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template = "about.html"
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+++
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```
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Custom templates are not required to live at the root of your `templates` directory.
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For example, `product_pages/with_pictures.html` is a valid template.
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## Built-in filters
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Zola adds a few filters in addition to [those](https://tera.netlify.com/docs/#filters) already present
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in Tera.
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### markdown
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Converts the given variable to HTML using Markdown. This doesn't apply any of the
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features that Zola adds to Markdown; for example, internal links and shortcodes won't work.
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By default, the filter will wrap all text in a paragraph. To disable this behaviour, you can
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pass `true` to the inline argument:
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```jinja2
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{{ some_text | markdown(inline=true) }}
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```
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You do not need to use this filter with `page.content` or `section.content`, the content is already rendered.
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### base64_encode
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Encode the variable to base64.
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### base64_decode
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Decode the variable from base64.
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## Built-in global functions
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Zola adds a few global functions to [those in Tera](https://tera.netlify.com/docs#built-in-functions)
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to make it easier to develop complex sites.
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### `get_page`
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Takes a path to an `.md` file and returns the associated page.
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```jinja2
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{% set page = get_page(path="blog/page2.md") %}
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```
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### `get_section`
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Takes a path to an `_index.md` file and returns the associated section.
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```jinja2
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{% set section = get_section(path="blog/_index.md") %}
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```
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If you only need the metadata of the section, you can pass `metadata_only=true` to the function:
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```jinja2
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{% set section = get_section(path="blog/_index.md", metadata_only=true) %}
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```
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### ` get_url`
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Gets the permalink for the given path.
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If the path starts with `@/`, it will be treated as an internal
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link like the ones used in Markdown, starting from the root `content` directory.
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```jinja2
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{% set url = get_url(path="@/blog/_index.md") %}
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```
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It accepts an optionnal parameter `lang` in order to compute a *language-aware URL* in multilingual websites. Assuming `config.base_url` is `"http://example.com"`, the following snippet will:
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- return `"http://example.com/blog/"` if `config.default_language` is `"en"`
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- return `"http://example.com/en/blog/"` if `config.default_language` is **not** `"en"` and `"en"` appears in `config.languages`
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- fail otherwise, with the error message `"'en' is not an authorized language (check config.languages)."`
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```jinja2
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{% set url = get_url(path="@/blog/_index.md", lang="en") %}
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```
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This can also be used to get the permalinks for static assets, for example if
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we want to link to the file that is located at `static/css/app.css`:
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```jinja2
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{{/* get_url(path="css/app.css") */}}
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```
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By default, assets will not have a trailing slash. You can force one by passing `trailing_slash=true` to the `get_url` function.
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An example is:
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```jinja2
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{{/* get_url(path="css/app.css", trailing_slash=true) */}}
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```
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In the case of non-internal links, you can also add a cachebust of the format `?t=1290192` at the end of a URL
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by passing `cachebust=true` to the `get_url` function.
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### `get_image_metadata`
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Gets metadata for an image. Currently, the only supported keys are `width` and `height`.
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```jinja2
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{% set meta = get_image_metadata(path="...") %}
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Our image is {{ meta.width }}x{{ meta.height }}
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```
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### `get_taxonomy_url`
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Gets the permalink for the taxonomy item found.
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```jinja2
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{% set url = get_taxonomy_url(kind="categories", name=page.taxonomies.category) %}
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```
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`name` will almost always come from a variable but in case you want to do it manually,
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the value should be the same as the one in the front matter, not the slugified version.
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### `get_taxonomy`
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Gets the whole taxonomy of a specific kind.
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```jinja2
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{% set categories = get_taxonomy(kind="categories") %}
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```
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### `load_data`
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Loads data from a file or URL. Supported file types include *toml*, *json* and *csv*.
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Any other file type will be loaded as plain text.
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The `path` argument specifies the path to the data file relative to your base directory, where your `config.toml` is.
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As a security precaution, if this file is outside the main site directory, your site will fail to build.
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```jinja2
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{% set data = load_data(path="content/blog/story/data.toml") %}
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```
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The optional `format` argument allows you to specify and override which data type is contained
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within the file specified in the `path` argument. Valid entries are `toml`, `json`, `csv`
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or `plain`. If the `format` argument isn't specified, then the path extension is used.
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```jinja2
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{% set data = load_data(path="content/blog/story/data.txt", format="json") %}
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```
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Use the `plain` format for when your file has a toml/json/csv extension but you want to load it as plain text.
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For *toml* and *json*, the data is loaded into a structure matching the original data file;
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however, for *csv* there is no native notion of such a structure. Instead, the data is separated
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into a data structure containing *headers* and *records*. See the example below to see
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how this works.
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In the template:
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```jinja2
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{% set data = load_data(path="content/blog/story/data.csv") %}
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```
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In the *content/blog/story/data.csv* file:
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```csv
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Number, Title
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1,Gutenberg
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2,Printing
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```
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The equivalent json value of the parsed data would be stored in the `data` variable in the
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template:
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```json
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{
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"headers": ["Number", "Title"],
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"records": [
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["1", "Gutenberg"],
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["2", "Printing"]
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],
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}
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```
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#### Remote content
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Instead of using a file, you can load data from a remote URL. This can be done by specifying a `url` parameter
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to `load_data` rather than `path`.
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```jinja2
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{% set response = load_data(url="https://api.github.com/repos/getzola/zola") %}
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{{ response }}
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```
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By default, the response body will be returned with no parsing. This can be changed by using the `format` argument
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as below.
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```jinja2
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{% set response = load_data(url="https://api.github.com/repos/getzola/zola", format="json") %}
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{{ response }}
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```
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#### Data caching
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Data file loading and remote requests are cached in memory during the build, so multiple requests aren't made
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to the same endpoint.
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URLs are cached based on the URL, and data files are cached based on the file modified time.
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The format is also taken into account when caching, so a request will be sent twice if it's loaded with two
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different formats.
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### `trans`
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Gets the translation of the given `key`, for the `default_language` or the `lang`uage given
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```jinja2
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{{/* trans(key="title") */}}
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{{/* trans(key="title", lang="fr") */}}
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```
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### `resize_image`
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Resizes an image file.
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Pease refer to [_Content / Image Processing_](@/documentation/content/image-processing/index.md) for complete documentation.
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