303 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
303 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# Gutenberg
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[](https://travis-ci.org/Keats/gutenberg)
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[](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/Keats/gutenberg/branch/master)
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[](https://gitter.im/gutenberg-rs/Lobby#)
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An opinionated static site generator written in Rust.
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## Installation
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You can get the latest release by going to the [Release page](https://github.com/Keats/gutenberg/releases).
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Alternatively, if you have the rust toolchain on your computer, you can also install it
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through Cargo: `cargo install gutenberg`.
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## Usage
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### Creating a new site
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Use `gutenberg init <a_directory_name>`.
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This will create a folder with the name given and the base structure of a gutenberg site.
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### Working on a site
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Use `gutenberg serve` to spin up a server that will automatically live reload any changes to the
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content, templates or static files.
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### Building a site
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Use `gutenberg build` to generate the site in the `public/` directory.
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### Gutenberg terms
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Some words are going to be repeated in the docs so let's make sure they are clear.
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- Page: a markdown file in the `content` directory that has a name different from `_index.md`
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- Section: a group of pages in the `content` directory that has `_index.md` in the same folder
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### Configuration
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Configuration is using the [TOML](https://github.com/toml-lang/toml) language.
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Only 2 parameters are required: `title` and `base_url`.
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The other options are:
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- `highlight_code`: Whether to highlight all code blocks found in markdown files. Defaults to false
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- `highlight_theme`: Which themes to use for code highlighting. Defaults to "base16-ocean-dark"
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- `language_code`: The language used in the site. Defaults to "en"
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- `generate_rss`: Whether to generate RSS, defaults to false
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- `generate_tags_pages`: Whether to generate tags and individual tag pages if some pages have them. Defaults to true
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- `generate_categories_pages`: Whether to generate categories and individual category categories if some pages have them. Defaults to true
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If you want to add some of your own variables, you will need to put them in the `[extra]` table in `config.toml` or
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they will be silently ignored.
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### Templates
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Templates live in the `templates/` directory and the files need to end by `.html`.
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Only [Tera](https://github.com/Keats/tera) templates are supported.
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Each kind of page get their own variables:
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// TODO: detail the schema of the variables
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- index.html: gets `section` representing the index section and all `sections`
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- page.html: gets `page` that contains the data for that page
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- section.html: gets `section` that contains the data for pages in it and its subsections
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- tags.html: gets `tags`
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- tag.html: gets `tag` and `pages`
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- categories.html: gets `categories`
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- category.html: gets `category` and `pages`
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Additionally, all pages get a `config` variable representing the data in `config.toml`, `current_url` that represent
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the absolute URL of the current page and `current_path` that represents the path of the URL of the current page, starting with `/`.
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If you want to know all the data present in a template content, simply put `{{ __tera_context }}`
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in the templates and it will print it.
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### Static files
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Everything in the `static` folder will be copied into the output directory as-is.
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### Pages
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Pages have to start with a front-matter enclosed in `+++`. Here is a minimal example:
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```md
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+++
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title = "My page"
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description = "Some meta info"
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+++
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A simple page with fixed url
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```
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A front-matter has only optional variables:
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- title
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- description
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- date: a YYYY-MM-DD or RFC339 formatted date
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- slug: what slug to use in the url
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- url: this overrides the slug and make this page accessible at `{config.base_url}/{url}`
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- tags: an array of strings
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- category: only one category is allowed
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- draft: whether the post is a draft or not
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- template: if you want to change the template used to render that specific page
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- aliases: which URL to redirect to the new: useful when you changed a page URL and don't want to 404
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Even if your front-matter is empty, you will need to put the `+++`.
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You can also, like in the config, add your own variables in a `[extra]` table.
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The front-matter will be accessible in templates at the `page.meta` field.
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By default, the URL of a page will follow the filesystem paths. For example, if you have
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a page at `content/posts/python3.md`, it will be available at `{config.base_url}/posts/python3/`.
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You can override the slug created from the filename by setting the `slug` variable in the front-matter.
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Quite often, a page will have assets and you might want to co-locate them with the markdown file.
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Gutenberg supports that pattern out of the box: you can create a folder, put a file named `index.md` and any number of files
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along with it that are NOT markdown.
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Those assets will be copied in the same folder when building so you can just use a relative path to use them.
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A summary is only defined if you put `<!-- more -->` in the content. If present in a page, the summary will be from
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the start up to that tag.
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### Sections
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Sections represent a group of pages, for example a `tutorials` section of your site.
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Sections are only created in Gutenberg when a file named `_index.md` is found in the `content` directory.
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This `_index.md` file needs to include a front-matter as well, but won't have content:
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```md
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+++
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title = "Tutorials"
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+++
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```
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You can also set the `template` variable to change which template will be used to render that section.
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Sections will also automatically pick up their subsections, allowing you to make some complex pages layout and
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table of contents.
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You can define how a section pages are sorted using the `sort_by` key in the front-matter. The choices are `date`, `order`, `weight` (opposite of order)
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and `none` (default). Pages that can't be sorted will currently be silently dropped: the final page will be rendered but it will not appear in
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the `pages` variable in the section template.
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A special case is the `_index.md` at the root of the `content` directory which represents the homepage. It is only there
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to control pagination and sorting of the homepage.
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You can also paginate section, including the index by setting the `paginate_by` field in the front matter to an integer.
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This represents the number of pages for each pager of the paginator.
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You will need to access pages through the `paginator` object. (TODO: document that).
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### Table of contents
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Each page/section will generate a table of content based on the title. It is accessible through `section.toc` and
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`page.toc`. It is a list of headers that contains a `permalink`, a `title` and `children`.
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Here is an example on how to make a ToC using that:
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```jinja2
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<ul>
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{% for h1 in page.toc %}
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<li>
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<a href="{{h1.permalink}}">{{ h1.title }}</a>
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{% if h1.children %}
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<ul>
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{% for h2 in h1.children %}
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<li>
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<a href="{{h2.permalink}}">{{ h2.title }}</a>
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</li>
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{% endfor %}
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</ul>
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{% endfor %}
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</li>
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{% endfor %}
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</ul>
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```
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While headers are neatly ordered in that example, you can a table of contents looking like h2, h2, h1, h3 without
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any issues.
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### Taxonomies: tags and categories
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Individual tag/category pages are only supported for pages having a date.
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### Code highlighting themes
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Code highlighting can be turned on by setting `highlight_code = true` in `config.toml`.
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When turned on, all text between backticks will be highlighted, like the example below.
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```rust
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let site = Site::new();
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```
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If the name of the language is not given, it will default to plain-text highlighting.
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Gutenberg uses Sublime Text themes for syntax highlighting. It comes with the following theme
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built-in:
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- base16-ocean-dark
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- base16-ocean-light
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- gruvbox-dark
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- gruvbox-light
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- inspired-github
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- kronuz
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- material-dark
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- material-light
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- monokai
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- solarized-dark
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- solarized-light
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### Internal links
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You can have internal links in your markdown that will be replaced with the full URL when rendering.
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To do so, use the normal markdown link syntax, start the link with `./` and point to the `.md` file you want
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to link to. The path to the file starts from the `content` directory.
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For example, linking to a file located at `content/pages/about.md` would be `[my link](./pages/about.md)`.
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### Anchors
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Headers get an automatic id from their content in order to be able to add deep links.
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You can also choose, at the section level, whether to automatically insert an anchor link next to it. It is turned off by default
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but can be turned on by setting `insert_anchor = "left"` or `insert_anchor = "right"` in the `_index.md` file. `left` will insert
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the anchor link before the title text and right will insert it after.
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The default template is very basic and will need CSS tweaks in your project to look decent.
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It can easily be overwritten by creating a `anchor-link.html` file in the `templates` directory.
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### Shortcodes
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Gutenberg uses markdown for content but sometimes you want to insert some HTML, for example for a YouTube video.
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Rather than copy/pasting the HTML around, Gutenberg supports shortcodes, allowing you to define templates using Tera and call those templates inside markdown.
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#### Using a shortcode
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There are 2 kinds of shortcodes: simple ones and those that take some content as body. All shortcodes need to be preceded by a blank line or they
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will be contained in a paragraph.
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Simple shortcodes are called the following way:
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```markdown
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{{ youtube(id="my_youtube_id") }}
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```
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Shortcodes with a body are called like so:
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```markdown
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{% quote(author="Me", link="https://google.com") %}
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My quote
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{% end %}
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```
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The shortcodes names are taken from the files they are defined in, for example a shortcode with the name youtube will try to render
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the template at `templates/shortcodes/youtube.html`.
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#### Built-in shortcodes
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Gutenberg comes with a few built-in shortcodes:
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- YouTube: embeds a YouTube player for the given YouTube `id`. Also takes an optional `autoplay` argument that can be set to `true`
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if wanted
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- Vimeo: embeds a Vimeo player for the given Vimeo `id`
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- Streamable: embeds a Streamable player for the given Streamable `id`
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- Gist: embeds a Github gist from the `url` given. Also takes an optional `file` argument if you only want to show one of the files
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#### Defining a shortcode
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All shortcodes need to be in the `templates/shortcodes` folder and their files to end with `.html`.
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Shortcodes templates are simple Tera templates, with all the args being directly accessible in the template.
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In case of shortcodes with a body, the body will be passed as the `body` variable.
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## Example sites
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- [vincent.is](https://vincent.is): https://gitlab.com/Keats/vincent.is
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- [code<future](http://www.codelessfuture.com/)
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## Adding syntax highlighting languages and themes
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### Adding a syntax
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Syntax highlighting depends on submodules so ensure you load them first:
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```bash
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$ git submodule update --init
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```
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Gutenberg only works with syntaxes in the `.sublime-syntax` format. If your syntax
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is in `.tmLanguage` format, open it in Sublime Text and convert it to `sublime-syntax` by clicking on
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Tools > Developer > New Syntax from ... and put it at the root of `sublime_syntaxes`.
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You can also add a submodule to the repository of the wanted syntax:
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```bash
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$ cd sublime_syntaxes
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$ git submodule add https://github.com/elm-community/Elm.tmLanguage.git
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```
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Note that you can also only copy manually the updated syntax definition file but this means
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Gutenberg won't be able to automatically update it.
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You can check for any updates to the current packages by running:
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```bash
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$ git submodule update --remote --merge
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```
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And finally from the root of the repository run the following command:
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```bash
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$ cargo run --example generate_sublime synpack sublime_syntaxes sublime_syntaxes/newlines.packdump sublime_syntaxes/nonewlines.packdump
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```
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### Adding a theme
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A gallery containing lots of themes at https://tmtheme-editor.herokuapp.com/#!/editor/theme/Agola%20Dark.
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More themes can be easily added to gutenberg, just make a PR with the wanted theme added in the `sublime_themes` directory
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and run the following command from the repository root:
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```bash
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$ cargo run --example generate_sublime themepack sublime_themes sublime_themes/all.themedump
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```
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You should see the list of themes being added.
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