205 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
205 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
+++
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title = "Shortcodes"
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weight = 40
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+++
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Although Markdown is good for writing, it isn't great when you need write inline
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HTML to add some styling for example.
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To solve this, Zola borrows the concept of [shortcodes](https://codex.wordpress.org/Shortcode_API)
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from WordPress.
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In our case, a shortcode corresponds to a template defined in the `templates/shortcodes` directory or
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a built-in one that can be used in a Markdown file. If you want to use something similar to shortcodes in your templates, try [Tera macros](https://tera.netlify.com/docs#macros).
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## Writing a shortcode
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Let's write a shortcode to embed YouTube videos as an example.
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In a file called `youtube.html` in the `templates/shortcodes` directory, paste the
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following:
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```jinja2
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<div {% if class %}class="{{class}}"{% endif %}>
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<iframe
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src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/{{id}}{% if autoplay %}?autoplay=1{% endif %}"
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webkitallowfullscreen
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mozallowfullscreen
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allowfullscreen>
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</iframe>
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</div>
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```
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This template is very straightforward: an iframe pointing to the YouTube embed URL wrapped in a `<div>`.
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In terms of input, this shortcode expects at least one variable: `id`. Because the other variables
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are in an `if` statement, they are optional.
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That's it. Zola will now recognise this template as a shortcode named `youtube` (the filename minus the `.html` extension).
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The Markdown renderer will wrap an inline HTML node such as `<a>` or `<span>` into a paragraph.
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If you want to disable this behaviour, wrap your shortcode in a `<div>`.
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Shortcodes are rendered before the Markdown is parsed so they don't have access to the table of contents. Because of that,
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you also cannot use the `get_page`/`get_section`/`get_taxonomy` global functions. It might work while running
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`zola serve` because it has been loaded but it will fail during `zola build`.
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## Using shortcodes
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There are two kinds of shortcodes:
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- ones that do not take a body, such as the YouTube example above
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- ones that do, such as one that styles a quote
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In both cases, the arguments must be named and they will all be passed to the template.
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Lastly, a shortcode name (and thus the corresponding `.html` file) as well as the argument names
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can only contain numbers, letters and underscores, or in Regex terms `[0-9A-Za-z_]`.
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Although theoretically an argument name could be a number, it will not be possible to use such an argument in the template.
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Argument values can be of one of five types:
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- string: surrounded by double quotes, single quotes or backticks
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- bool: `true` or `false`
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- float: a number with a decimal point (e.g., 1.2)
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- integer: a whole number or its negative counterpart (e.g., 3)
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- array: an array of any kind of value, except arrays
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Malformed values will be silently ignored.
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Both types of shortcode will also get either a `page` or `section` variable depending on where they were used
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and a `config` variable. These values will overwrite any arguments passed to a shortcode so these variable names
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should not be used as argument names in shortcodes.
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### Shortcodes without body
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Simply call the shortcode as if it was a Tera function in a variable block. All the examples below are valid
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calls of the YouTube shortcode.
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```md
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Here is a YouTube video:
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{{/* youtube(id="dQw4w9WgXcQ") */}}
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{{/* youtube(id="dQw4w9WgXcQ", autoplay=true) */}}
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An inline {{/* youtube(id="dQw4w9WgXcQ", autoplay=true, class="youtube") */}} shortcode
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```
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Note that if you want to have some content that looks like a shortcode but not have Zola try to render it,
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you will need to escape it by using `{{/*` and `*/}}` instead of `{{` and `}}`.
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### Shortcodes with body
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Let's imagine that we have the following shortcode `quote.html` template:
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```jinja2
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<blockquote>
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{{ body }} <br>
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-- {{ author}}
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</blockquote>
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```
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We could use it in our Markdown file like so:
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```md
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As someone said:
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{%/* quote(author="Vincent") */%}
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A quote
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{%/* end */%}
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```
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The body of the shortcode will be automatically passed down to the rendering context as the `body` variable and needs
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to be on a new line.
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If you want to have some content that looks like a shortcode but not have Zola try to render it,
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you will need to escape it by using `{%/*` and `*/%}` instead of `{%` and `%}`. You won't need to escape
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anything else until the closing tag.
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## Built-in shortcodes
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Zola comes with a few built-in shortcodes. If you want to override a default shortcode template,
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simply place a `{shortcode_name}.html` file in the `templates/shortcodes` directory and Zola will
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use that instead.
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### YouTube
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Embed a responsive player for a YouTube video.
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The arguments are:
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- `id`: the video id (mandatory)
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- `class`: a class to add to the `<div>` surrounding the iframe
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- `autoplay`: when set to "true", the video autoplays on load
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Usage example:
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```md
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{{/* youtube(id="dQw4w9WgXcQ") */}}
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{{/* youtube(id="dQw4w9WgXcQ", autoplay=true) */}}
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{{/* youtube(id="dQw4w9WgXcQ", autoplay=true, class="youtube") */}}
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```
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Result example:
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{{ youtube(id="dQw4w9WgXcQ") }}
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### Vimeo
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Embed a player for a Vimeo video.
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The arguments are:
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- `id`: the video id (mandatory)
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- `class`: a class to add to the `<div>` surrounding the iframe
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Usage example:
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```md
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{{/* vimeo(id="124313553") */}}
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{{/* vimeo(id="124313553", class="vimeo") */}}
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```
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Result example:
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{{ vimeo(id="124313553") }}
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### Streamable
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Embed a player for a Streamable video.
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The arguments are:
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- `id`: the video id (mandatory)
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- `class`: a class to add to the `<div>` surrounding the iframe
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Usage example:
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```md
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{{/* streamable(id="92ok4") */}}
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{{/* streamable(id="92ok4", class="streamble") */}}
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```
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Result example:
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{{ streamable(id="92ok4") }}
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### Gist
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Embed a [Github gist](https://gist.github.com).
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The arguments are:
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- `url`: the url to the gist (mandatory)
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- `file`: by default, the shortcode will pull every file from the URL unless a specific filename is requested
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- `class`: a class to add to the `<div>` surrounding the iframe
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Usage example:
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```md
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{{/* gist(url="https://gist.github.com/Keats/e5fb6aad409f28721c0ba14161644c57") */}}
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{{/* gist(url="https://gist.github.com/Keats/e5fb6aad409f28721c0ba14161644c57", class="gist") */}}
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```
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Result example:
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{{ gist(url="https://gist.github.com/Keats/e5fb6aad409f28721c0ba14161644c57") }}
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