GNU Parallel

		https://www.gnu.org/software/parallel/


= Presentation of GNU Parallel =

GNU Parallel is a shell tool for executing jobs in parallel using one
or more computers. A job can be a single command or a small script
that has to be run for each of the lines in the input. The typical
input is a list of files, a list of hosts, a list of users, a list of
URLs, or a list of tables. A job can also be a command that reads from
a pipe. GNU Parallel can then split the input and pipe it into
commands in parallel.

If you use xargs and tee today you will find GNU Parallel very easy to
use as GNU Parallel is written to have the same options as xargs. If
you write loops in shell, you will find GNU Parallel may be able to
replace most of the loops and make them run faster by running several
jobs in parallel.

GNU Parallel makes sure output from the commands is the same output as
you would get had you run the commands sequentially. This makes it
possible to use output from GNU Parallel as input for other programs.

See the cheat sheet for examples that cover most of the daily usage:
www.gnu.org/s/parallel/parallel_cheat.pdf


= 10 seconds installation =

For security reasons it is recommended you use your package manager to
install. But if you cannot do that then you can use this 10 seconds
installation.

The 10 seconds installation will try to do a full installation; if
that fails, a personal installation; if that fails, a minimal
installation.

    $ (wget -O - pi.dk/3 || lynx -source pi.dk/3 || curl pi.dk/3/ || \
       fetch -o - http://pi.dk/3 ) > install.sh
    $ sha1sum install.sh | grep 67bd7bc7dc20aff99eb8f1266574dadb
    12345678 67bd7bc7 dc20aff9 9eb8f126 6574dadb
    $ md5sum install.sh | grep b7a15cdbb07fb6e11b0338577bc1780f
    b7a15cdb b07fb6e1 1b033857 7bc1780f
    $ sha512sum install.sh | grep 186000b62b66969d7506ca4f885e0c80e02a22444
    6f25960b d4b90cf6 ba5b76de c1acdf39 f3d24249 72930394 a4164351 93a7668d
    21ff9839 6f920be5 186000b6 2b66969d 7506ca4f 885e0c80 e02a2244 40e8a43f
    $ bash install.sh

This will literally install faster than reading the rest of this
document.


= Full installation =

Full installation of GNU Parallel is as simple as:

    wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/parallel/parallel-20210122.tar.bz2
    wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/parallel/parallel-20210122.tar.bz2.sig
    gpg parallel-20210122.tar.bz2.sig
    bzip2 -dc parallel-20210122.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -
    cd parallel-20210122
    ./configure && make && sudo make install


= Personal installation =

If you are not root you can add ~/bin to your path and install in
~/bin and ~/share:

    wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/parallel/parallel-20210122.tar.bz2
    wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/parallel/parallel-20210122.tar.bz2.sig
    gpg parallel-20210122.tar.bz2.sig
    bzip2 -dc parallel-20210122.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -
    cd parallel-20210122
    ./configure --prefix=$HOME && make && make install

Or if your system lacks 'make' you can simply copy src/parallel
src/sem src/niceload src/sql to a dir in your path.


= Minimal installation =

If you just need parallel and do not have 'make' installed (maybe the
system is old or Microsoft Windows):

    wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/parallel.git/plain/src/parallel
    chmod 755 parallel
    cp parallel sem
    mv parallel sem dir-in-your-$PATH/bin/


= Installation on compute servers =

If you are developing your script to run on a remote server, that does
not have GNU Parallel installed, but you have it installed on you
development machine, then you can use `parallel --embed`.

    parallel --embed > newscript.sh

Just edit the last lines of newscript.sh and copy it to the compute
server.


= Test the installation =

After this you should be able to do:

    parallel -j0 ping -nc 3 ::: qubes-os.org gnu.org freenetproject.org

This will send 3 ping packets to 3 different hosts in parallel and print
the output when they complete.

Watch the intro video for a quick introduction:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL284C9FF2488BC6D1

Walk through the tutorial (man parallel_tutorial). You command line
will love you for it.

When using programs that use GNU Parallel to process data for
publication please cite:

    Tange, O. (2021, January 22). GNU Parallel 20210122 ('Capitol Riots').
    Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4454976

Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015,
2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Ole Tange, http://ole.tange.dk and
Free Software Foundation, Inc.


= New versions =

New versions will be released at: https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parallel/


= Dependencies =

GNU Parallel should work with a normal full Perl installation. However,
if you system has split up Perl into multiple packages then these are
the important ones:

    opkg install perlbase-getopt perlbase-ipc procps-ng-ps perlbase-mime